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by Harry C. Evison

I whānau a Tiramōrehu i Kaiapoi pā. Ko te whakaaro ko ngā tau tino tōmua tonu o te rau tau 1800–1899 te wā i whānau ai a ia ki roto ki tētahi whānau kauwhau rangatira. Ko tōna, he hapū ahurei nō Ngāi Tahu e kīia nei ko Ngāi Tūāhuriri. Ko Kāraki tōna pāpā, ā, ko Hinerukutai o Ngāti Māmoe tōna kōkā. He uri a Tiramōrehu nō Tūrākautahi, nāna rā i pou a Kaiapoi. Na, ko Tūrākautahi he uri nō Tūāhuriri.

I te pāhuatanga o Kaiapoi e Te Rauparaha me Ngāti Toa i 1831, ko Kāraki tonu tētahi o ngā kaiwhakataki o ngā tuki rautipu a Ngāi Tahu. E ai ki ngā kōrero, i te taha a Tiramōrehu i tōna pāpā i taua whawhai, ā, i taotū a ia. I te tau 1837, i te wā kāore anō kia parekuratia te riri nei, ka ārahina whakatongahia e Tiramōrehu he heke kahupapa nō te iwi o Kaiapoi ki Moeraki. I tētahi wāhi e pātata ana ki te teihana patu tohorā a John Hughes i Moeraki, ka poua he kāinga mō rātou. Ko ana mahi katoa ki ngā Pākehā o Moeraki i whakahaeretia i runga i te ngākau whakahoahoa me ngā ritenga amaru hoki. I kauparetia e tōna iwi ngā tūmomo mahi kino e kīia ana he mahi kaingākau nā ngā kaipatu tohorā.

I te 16 o Mei 1840, ka poua e te mihingare Wēteriana rā, e Te Wātikena (James Watkin), te mīhana Karaitiana tuatahi ki te tonga o Moeraki, arā, ki Waikouaiti. I te Tīhema o 1840, i kauhau te Pīhopa Katorika rā, a Pomaparie (J. B. F. Pompallier), i Moeraki. Ko Tāmihana, te tama a Te Rauparaha, i kauhau i reira mō te mīhana Mihingare i 1843. I whiwhi apataki ngātahi rāua, heoti, i te 30 o Hūrae 1843 ka ārahina e Tiramōrehu tōna apataki ki raro i te maru o te Hāhi Wēteriana. Nā Te Wātikena a ia i iriiri i Waikouaiti, ā, ka tangohia e Tiramōrehu a Matiaha (Matthias) hei īngoa mōna. Ka noho rātou ko ngā manu-kura nei a Horomona Pōhio, a Natanahira Waruwarutū, a Rāwiri Te Maire, a Merekihereka Hape, hei kaitautoko ngākau nui, ā, hei kaiwhakaako reimana hoki mō te mīhana Wēteriana o Waikouaiti.

I akona a Tiramōrehu ki ngā kōrero tīpuna tuku iho a tōna iwi. I te torotoronga atu o Te Hōtereni (Edward Shortland) i Moeraki i 1844, ka whakamīharo a ia ki te mōhio o Tiramōrehu ki ngā kōrero tīpuna, ēngari hei ngā Rātapu e kore aua kōrero e puta i a ia. I tuhi pēnei a Te Wātikena mō Tiramōrehu, 'tērā pea kāore ōna ritenga e pā ana ki ngā whakapapa o nehe rā'. E ai ki a J. W. Stack, kāore he kanoi i kō atu i a Tiramōrehu mō ngā kōrero tīpuna Māori o Te Waipounamu. Atu i 1868, he whare wānanga tōna i Moeraki, ā, i reira ka tohutohua ngā whanaketanga ki ngā akoranga tuku iho e pā ana ki ngā kōrero tīpuna.

Nā Tiramōrehu i whakahau tana iwi kia tahuri ki ngā momo mahi pāmu a te Pākehā. Ko tana hiahia kia tōnui rātou ā tōna wā ki te mahi pāmu me ngā mahi hēpara. I mau tonu ki a rātou te mana ahikā ki ō rātou whenua i te rohe o Kaiapoi. He wāhanga whenua tēnei i whakaurua atu e Kāwana Hōri Kerei (George Grey) ki roto ki te hokonga o te whenua o Te Wairau mai i a Ngāti Toa i Maehe o 1847. I Akaroa a Tiramōrehu i Pēpuere o 1848 e hui ana me Kerei ki te kōrerorero mō te hoko wāhi hei nohonga mō ngā tāngata whai o Ngā Pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha (Canterbury). I reira ka puta ngā kōrero whakahē a Ngāi Tahu mō te hokonga o Te Wairau. I muri mai ka kī a Tiramōrehu, nā Kerei i whakapōhēhē ngā amorangi ki te whakaaro ka aro mai te kāwanatanga ki tā rātou tohe, arā, kāore he mana o te kokoraho a Ngāti Toa ki Kaiapoi. Ko Akaroa te wāhi, ko Hune o 1848 te wā, i whakaritea ai e Te Keepa (Henry Tacy Kemp) te hokonga o ngā whenua mai i Maungatere (Mt Grey) i te raki, ki Maunga-atua (Maungatua) i te tonga, ka huri ki ngā taketake, ki ngā tihi rānei o Ngā Puke-māeroero (Southern Alps), e kīia nei ko 'te hokonga a Te Keepa', ā, ka hainatia e Tiramōrehu te whakaaetanga ā-pukapuka ki tana īngoa, ki a Matiaha. Ko tēnei anake te whakaaetanga ā-pukapuka o ōna whenua ā-iwi nāna i haina.

I te tata paunga o 1848, ka tonoa a Te Tipa (Walter Mantell) ki te tohatoha whenua tāpui i raro i te mana o te whakaaetanga ā-pukapuka a Te Keepa. I whakamanuhiritia a ia e Tiramōrehu i Moeraki. Ahakoa nāna a Te Tipa i manaaki, ka whakahē tonu a ia ki te iti o ngā whenua tāpui e tohaina ana. I amuamu anō hoki a ia mō te tukutanga a Te Keepa i te hāwhe o ngā moni o tāna hokonga mā tētahi tokorua e tiritiri ki te iwi. Ko te mutunga, ki tāna, 'i tipu parirau ngā moni, ka rere.' I whakarongo a Mantell ki te whakamāherehere a Tiramōrehu ko ēhea amorangi e tika ana ki te tohatoha i te toenga o ngā wāhanga moni hei utunga.

Ko Tiramōrehu tētahi o ngā kaiārahi i ngā tohetohe me ngā whakapae, arā, kua takahia ngā whakaritenga a Te Keepa. I Ākuhata o 1848 ko ia tētahi o te pahī o Ngāi Tahu i haere kia kite i a E. J. Eyre, i te rūtene kāwana o New Munster i Akaroa. Ko te kaupapa he inoi kia tini tonu ngā whenua tāpui e tukuna mō Ngāi Tahu. Nā tana matatau ki te reo Pākehā ka tino mārama ki a ia te tikanga o ngā whakahoki parori a Eyre. Tērā pea i mau i a ia ētahi kōrero makere a Eyre rāua ko Te Tipa, ko te tikanga mō ō rāua taringa anake. Ko tana reta o te 22 o Oketopa 1840 ki a Eyre te kupu amaru tuatahi a Ngāi Tahu e whakahē ana i ngā hokonga o Te Waipounamu. Ahakoa i kī taurangitia e Te Keepa ka tuwhene ngā whenua tāpui ka tukuna ki a Ngāi Tahu, 10 eka noa iho te āhua ōritetanga o ngā wāhanga whenua tāpui i whakaratoa e Te Tipa mō ia tangata o rātou. I Waikouaiti ka whakawhiwhia e Te Tipa ki te Pākehā kotahi, ki a Johnny Jones, e 2,560 eka. I kō tata atu, i Moeraki, e 500 eka noa iho i tukuna e ia mō ngā Māori e 87. Ko tēnei tētahi o ngā whakataunga tino iti rawa atu i whakawhiwhia ki a Ngāi Tahu, mehemea ka tirohia ana te rahi o te whenua i whakaratoa ki te rahi o te hunga i whakawhiwhia. E ngoto ana te reta wahapū whakahē a Tiramōrehu. I tuhi pēnei a ia, 'Ko te tīmatanga noa iho tēnei o tā mātou mahi amuamu ki a koe. Ka amuamu anō hoki mātou ki ngā Pākehā ka haere mai ā muri ake nei; e kore e mutu!' I tohea e Tiramōrehu kia whakatinanatia ngā wharekura me ngā hōhipera i kī taurangitia i ngā whakaritenga o te hokonga a Te Keepa. I ātete a ia kia kaua e utu ngā Māori o Moeraki mō te haere ki te kura. Ko tōna tikanga hoki ia kia kuraina rātou mō te kore noa iho.

I muri iho i tēnei tohatohanga ihupuku o ngā whenua tāpui o Te Waipounamu, ka kihirua ngā whakaaro o Te Tipa, ā, ka rika ki te āwhina i a Ngāi Tahu. I tōna wehenga atu ki Ingarangi i 1855, ka tukuna e ia he utanga pukapuka kura i te reo Māori ki a Tiramōrehu. I Hānuere o 1856 ka tono a Tiramōrehu me ōna hoa rangatira ki a Kāwana Thomas Gore Browne i Ōtākou (Otago) kia whakanohoia ko Te Tipa hei kāwana mō Te Waipounamu. He pēnei anō te reta i tukuna e rātou ki te Kuini i Hepetema o 1857.

I Kaiapoi, i Pēpuere o 1857, ka hokona mai e W. J. W. Hamilton te wā whenua o raro i Kaiapoi mō te Karauna. I hōnea a Tiramōrehu nō te mea e māuiuitia ana. Taro ake ka haku a ia i takahia te mana o tōna iwi o Moeraki. Kia pahure rā anō te tekau tau, kātahi anō ka utua e £200 hei whakaea i taua takahanga. I te 7 o Hepetema 1860 ka whakaritea ko Tiramōrehu tētahi o ngā āteha Māori tokorua mō Ōtākou. He kaiwhakawā tētahi o ngā mahi o tēnei tūranga. Tekau pāuna te utu-ā-tau mō aua mahi. Tae rawa atu ki 1866 kua makere kē mai a ia i taua tūranga, ēngari i 1869 i a ia anō taua tūranga.

I tōna koroheketanga ka whakamōhoutia e Tiramōrehu tōna kaha ki te kaitaonga whenua tāpiri mō Ngāi Tahu. Hei whakapakari i tā rātou kokoraho whenua, ka noho ko ia tonu tētahi o ngā manu-kura ki te whakatū hui ki Ōtākou me Kaiapoi i 1874, ā, ki Arowhenua hoki i 1875. E 30 tau a ia e tuhituhi ana ki a Te Tipa; he mema mai i 1866 nō te Kaunihera Ture (Legislative Council). I whakatūria he Kōmihana Hoko Whenua Māori mō Te Waipounamu (Commission on Middle Island Native Land Purchases), arā te Kōmihana a Smith rāua ko Nairn, ki te āta titiro ki ngā pāmamaetanga o Ngāi Tahu. He kaiwhakaatu a ia i te aroaro o te Kōmihana i ngā tau 1879–80. He mōhiotanga whakahirahira kei ana kupu oati e mau ana mō te mana ahikā o Ngāi Tahu ki Te Waipounamu i mua i te taenga mai o ngā tāngata whai Pākehā.

I te 6 o Oketopa 1849, ka whakamoea e Karira (Charles Creed) a Tiramōrehu rāua ko Pirihira (Priscilla) Pī o Ngāi Tūrākautahi. Nā Matiaha Tiramōrehu tonu i āta tuhi tōna īngoa ki te pukapuka rēhita. Ahakoa ko tēnei anake tana moenga i rēhitatia, tērā atu ētahi wāhine tokorua i moea e ia ēngari kāore ngā īngoa i mau. Tokorua ngā tamāhine a Tiramōrehu rāua ko Pirihira. E kōhungahunga tonu ana ka mate.

I mate a Tiramōrehu ki Moeraki i te 7 o Āperira 1881. E ai ki ngā kōrero, neke atu i te 80 ōna tau. Nō ētahi tau i mua atu i tōna hinganga te matenga o Pirihira. He whare ngaro te hekenga mai i a ia. Kotahi wiki e tangihia ana, ā, e 500 te katoa i whakaeke. Ko te tohu whakamaharatanga mōna he matapihi ōpure kei te whare karakia Māori o Moeraki.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

Obit. Palmerston and Waikouaiti Times. 22 April 1881

Pybus, T. A. Maori and missionary. Wellington, 1954

'The tangi at Moeraki'. Otago Witness. 23 April 1881

Taylor, W. A. Lore and history of the South Island Maori. Christchurch, 1952