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Tīpoki, Te Hata

by Angela Ballara

Biography

I whānau a Te Hata Tīpoki – he mea karanga kē ia ko Te Hata Kōpū i ētahi wā – i te tau 1880 i Waihīrere pea, i tētahi wāhi e pātata atu ana ki Te Wairoa, whaka-te-raki o Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke's Bay). Ko Te Hata Tīpoki anō te īngoa o tōna pāpā, he tangata e kōrerotia ana i whai kē pea i a Te Kooti Arikirangi i ngā pakanga o te tekau tau mai i 1870. He tamāhine tōna whaea a Hīria Kōpū nā te tino wahine tapairu o te takiwā ki Te Wairoa, nā Mere Karaka rāua ko tana tāne, ko Pitiera (Pitihera rānei) Kōpū. Nā te mea hei teina ngā tātai rangatira o Pitiera ki ērā o Mere, nō te moe kētanga kātahi anō ia ka tū hei rangatira mō te iwi. I ngā pakanga o te tekau tau mai i 1860, ka puta te rongo o Pitiera hei toa, hei kaihautū mō te iwi, e whawhai ana rā i te taha o te kāwanatanga. Ka mate a Pitiera i te tau 1867, ka whai a Mere Karaka i te rongopai a Te Kooti, ā, i te mutunga atu ka riro ko ia hei pou mō te Hāhi Ringatū ki Te Wairoa. Nā tēnei āhua o te taha rua o tōna whānau, i tautoko ai ia i te taha ki a Te Kooti, i te kāwanatanga rānei, i pai noa iho te whaingākau a Te Hata ki tētahi taha, ki tētahi taha i ngā whakatāuteute mō ngā whenua o Te Wairoa i riro i te rau o te patu.

He maha ngā hapū o Te Hata i roto i a Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa; otirā ko te hapū i aronuitia e ia ko Ngāi Te Apatū, te hapū mana nui ki te marae o Waihīrere. He pānga anō ōna ki a Tamaionarangi (Tamaionerangi rānei), ki a Ngāti Mihi me Ngāti Puku.

He iti ngā kōrero mō te wā e ohi, e rangatahi ana a Te Hata. Tērā pea i haere ia ki te kura Māori o Waihīrere i te tekau tau mai i 1880, i te tīmatanga rānei o te tekau tau mai i 1890. Kāore pea i tino roa i muri o te huringa o te rau tau, ka moea e ia a Mākuini Whakapaki, hei tamāhine mā Hōhepa Kahuroa (o Te Whānau-a-Kai, he hapū nō Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki) rāua ko Mākuini Honotapu (he wahine nō Ngāti Hineterā o Te Wairoa). I waenganui i ngā tau 1906 ki te tau 1919 ka puta ā rāua tamariki tokowaru. E ai ki tētahi kōrero, tekau mā ono rawa ngā tamariki katoa. Nō te tau 1919 kua tau kē te noho a Te Hata ki Mahurangi, e pātata ana ki Te Rēinga.

I te tekau tau mai i 1920, ka tau te korowai ārahi o te iwi ki runga i ngā pakihiwi o Te Hata, ahakoa anō tōna taitamarikitanga. Ka taka ki te tau 1927 ko ia te tiamana o te rōpū toko i te ora o Kahungunu (Kahungunu Welfare Association) mō te peka o Te Wairoa, ā, nō te tau 1928, i whakatūria a ia ki te Kaunihera o Kahungunu (Kahungunu Māori Council). Ahakoa ngā pānga Ringatū o tōna whānau, i mau pono tonu a Te Hata Tīpoki ki te Hāhi Mihingare; ko ia te māngai reimana i ngā huihui a te komiti Māori o te ātirīkonatanga o Te Matau-a-Māui.

Mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga, i pau te kaha o Te Hata ki te whai i te tikanga ture mō tōna iwi, arā, te tautiaki mai rānei, te whakahau kē atu rānei, tae atu ki te whakahoki mai anō i te mana whenua o tōna iwi. I te tau 1920, nōna te moko tuatahi o ngā moko 131 i tuhia ake ki te petihana ki te Pāremata, kia uiuia te mana whenua o ngā poraka e whā o te taha whakarunga o te awa o Te Wairoa, arā, o Ruakituri, o Tāramarama, o Tukurangi me Waiau, i raupatutia tuatahitia rā i raro i te Ture mō te Whakanoho i te Hunga Mārie (New Zealand Settlements Act) o te tau 1863. I te tau 1867, ka whakakorea te raupatu hāunga tētahi wāhi iti nei, i uru atu ai ētahi maramara o te poraka o Kauhouroa. Ko te nuinga o aua whenua i hokona mai e te Karauna i te tau 1875. Tukua ana e 500 eka i Pākōwhai hei whenua rāhui ki te kuia o Te Hata, ki a Mere Karaka me ētahi atu. Ēngari nō te whakarerekētanga i ngā ture whenua Māori i muri mai, ka warawara noa te mana whenua o te iwi o Te Hata. Nō te uiuitanga, ka whakamanaia te Kōti Whenua Māori hei whakatau ko wai ka whai pānga ki te whenua rāhui o Pākōwhai.

I te tau 1924, ka rere anō te petihana a Te Hata rātau ko ētahi o ngā rangatira ki te Pāremata, ēngari he tohetohe kē tēnei mō te raupatutanga ake o Kauhouroa. Nā te kaha o te pēhanga tahitanga a ngā rangatira katoa o Te Wairoa, i te tau 1927 i takoto ai ēnei petihana katoa ki te aroaro o te kōmihana a Te Hīmi (Sim Commission) tiro i ngā whenua raupatu o te iwi Māori. I reira ka kitea kāore i tutuki i te Karauna tana takohanga kia whakahokia ngā whenua raupatu katoa o taua rohe. Waihoki tērā, whakaritea ana kia utua te moni kāpeneheihana, £300 i te tau, hei tuku i ngā Māori o Te Wairoa ki te whai i ngā mātauranga teitei. Kore rawa i utua.

I Hepetema o te tau 1935, ka tukua te reta a Te Hata Tīpoki rātau ko ngā rangatira o Te Wairoa ki te Pirimia, ki a Te Whōpi (G. W. Forbes), me te Minita whakahaere i ngā mahi moni, me Te Kōti (J. G. Coates), e kī nei rātau ahakoa te kore e utua, he paku rawa te £300, ā, me whakanui kē ake ki te £900 i te tau. Ka whakaurua atu hoki te tono kia whakaae te Karauna ki te mana o ngā Māori ki Waikaremoana, kia whakaritea hoki he kaupapa mō te āhua o te noho kōkuhu noa a te Pākehā i runga i ngā whenua rāhui kua kore nei e taea te hoko. Ko tō rātau hiahia kia tū ko te poraka o Ngāmāhanga hei wāhi ako i ngā taitama mahi pāmu Māori ki ngā mahi ahu whenua, ā, me te whakatū rōpū anō hoki hei tautiaki haere i ngā hua hereni o taua poraka hei āwhina i te kāhui manukura o te iwi ki te whakahaere kaupapa oranga mō te iwi. Kāore te kaupapa i oreore mō tētahi wā, ēngari i waenganui i te marama o Pēpuere i te tau 1938, ka whakakorikoria e te Pirimia (ko ia hoki te Minita Māori), e Te Hāwiti (Michael Joseph Savage), tū ana i a ia tētahi hui i te Pāremata, hei kōrero i a Kauhouroa me ētahi atu take.

Riro ana nā Tā Apirana Ngata i tuku te kēhi a āna kaipōti o Ngāti Kahungunu. Ko tētahi wāhanga o taua kēhi i whakamaua atu ki ngā kōhetehete i waenganui i ngā 'kūpapa' me te hunga 'whana', inarā, te momo whakahua i aua rōpū nei. Ahakoa te whakahokinga whenua atu ki ēnei rōpū e rua, kore ana i tutuki i te Karauna ana oati katoa. Nō te tūnga ake o Te Hata ki te kōrero, ka kī ia kore rawa ana wehewehe i te hunga kūpapa me te hunga whana. Ahakoa tōna mōhio noa e kore e taea te whakahoki mai a Kauhouroa i te mea kua nōhia kētia e te Pākehā, e whakaae ana ia ko tētahi atu poraka e tango mai. Kore rawa i tutuki tēnei tono āna ā mate atu ia, ēngari nō te tau 1951 i utua ai te moni kāpeneheihana e £20,000 te nui.

Ko te whare whakairo o Tākitimu i te marae o Waihīrere tētahi o ngā kaupapa nui a Te Hata. I te tau 1926 ka tahuri ia ki te whakatū whare anō, ā, tekau mā rua ngā tau i pau atu i a ia ki te mahi moni hei whakatutuki i taua kaupapa. Ko tā te kāwanatanga i koha mai ai e £500, ēngari ko te utu o te whare nui me te whare kai, tae atu ki te hui whakatuwhera, hui katoa e £15,000 te utu. Ko te nuinga o ēnei moni nā ngā iwi, nā ngā rōpū Māori rānei. Ko te tikanga kē kia karangatia te whare ko Timi Kara, ka whakatakoto ai ki Te Uhi i te taha tonu o te huarahi o Nēpia ki Nūhaka. I te wā e haere ana ngā mahi whakairo, haere ana hoki te rīriri, ā, mea rawa ake i te tau 1936, puta kau ana te hiahia o Te Hata kia karangatia te whare ko Tākitimu, kia pērā i te whare o tōna koroua, o Pitiera Kōpū, ā, kia tū hoki ki Waihīrere. I reira anō ngā kaiwhakahē, me te whakaaro anō o ētahi kia whakatūria i tētahi wāhi waengapū, wāhi muia ai e te tūruhi. Nāwai ā, whakatuwheratia ana te whare nei i Waihīrere i te tau 1938.

I te matenga o Te Hata i Te Rēinga i te 8 o Pēpuere i te tau 1940, i te puta tonu ngā kōrero whakahē i runga i te whakaaro i takahia e ia te tapu i te mea kua oti anō rā te wāhi hei tūnga mō te whare hou, mahue tana whai i tēnei, whai kē ana i tētahi wāhi kē noa atu. Heoi anō, ka mahue pani iho a Mākuini rātau ko ā rāua tamariki, tokoono ngā tama, tokorua ngā tamāhine, ā, nehua ana ki ngā karakia a te Mihingare i Te Kapu. Ko tōna kaiwhakakī whārua ko tana tama tuatoru, ko Turi, ka riro ko ia nei hei manukura mō Waihīrere, eke atu hoki ki runga i te Kaunihera Māori.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Ballara, A. & G. Scott. ‘Crown purchases of Maori land in early provincial Hawke’s Bay'. Report on behalf of the claimants to the Waitangi Tribunal, 1994

    Binney, J. Redemption songs. Auckland, 1995

    Mitchell, J. H. Takitimu. Wellington, 1944


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Tīpoki, Te Hata', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1998. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/4t17/tipoki-te-hata (accessed 26 April 2024)