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Tāmairangi

by Angela Ballara

Biography

He ariki tapairu a Tāmairangi. He pakeke, he pakari, he ātaahua. I noho ia i te takiwā ki Te Moana-a-Raukawa i te whakamutunga o te rau tau 1700–1799, ki te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800–1899. Ōna mātua ko Te Rōnaki rāua ko Kahukura-ā-Tāne. Nā ngā whakapapa o ana mātua ka heke iho a Tāmairangi i a Māhanga-pūhua o Ngāti Ira me Ngāi Tara, ā, i whai pānga anō ki a Ngāti Moe o Te Wairarapa me Ngāti Kahungunu. I whakanohoia a Māhanga-pūhua hei rangatira nui mō Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington Harbour) me te rohe o Pari-ā-rua (Porirua). Nā Te Rōnaki ka whanaunga atu a Tāmairangi ki a Ngāi Te Ao, ki a Rangitāne me Ngāti Kuia, i noho nei ki runga i te moutere o Arapawa kei te tapa marangai o Te Waipounamu.

I noho a Tāmairangi i te taha o ana mātua i Arapawa ā tae noa ki te wā i whakaritea me moe a ia i tētahi o ngā kaiārahi mana tiketike o Ngāti Ira i Pari-ā-rua e noho ana. Ka wehe mai a Tāmairangi i ana mātua ki tōna hoa tāne ki a Whanake. Tētahi o ana īngoa ko Te Huka-tai-o-Ruatapu. Ko Tāmairangi tana wahine mātāmua. I whakaarohia tokorua pea ā rāua tamariki, ko Whakaangi me Te Kēkerengū, e mōhiotia nei ko Taiaha. Kei ngā kōrero, ko Te Kēkerengū rāua ko tana pāpā ngā tino kaihautū o Ngāti Ira.

I noho a Tāmairangi rāua ko tana hoa rangatira ki Ōmanga-rau-tāwhiri kei te taha whakarunga o te kokorutanga o Tītahi. Ko te kāinga o Te Kēkerengū e tata ana ki Te Ana-paura kotahi māero te nukunga whakarunga anō. He mea tapa te ana i te taha whakarunga o te kāinga o Tāmairangi ki tōna īngoa, arā, ki Te Ana-a-Tāmairangi. Ka mutu ka whakaīngoatia te matatāhuna he nōhanga mātaitai i te tauranga waka moana o Pari-ā-rua ki tōna īngoa anō, ko Te Whata-kai-a-Tāmairangi.

He wahine mana nui a Tāmairangi. I hōrapa tōna mana i te rohe o Pari-ā-rua tae noa atu ki te mata o Mātakitaki-a-Kupe (Cape Palliser), ka whakawhiti atu ki te raki o Te Waipounamu. I ana haere, ka riro mā ngā kaiamo ia e kawe i runga i te whataamo – he tapu rawa nōna. Ka tae ki ngā huihui ka whakakākahuria ia ki ngā korowai whakaharahara e tika ana mō taua hui. Ka mau hoki i te taiaha whakairo.

I te tekau tau atu i 1820, ka urutomokia a Pari-ā-rua me Te Whanganui-a-Tara e Ngāti Toa o Kāwhia. Ngā kaiārahi o tēnei ope taua ko Te Rauparaha rāua ko tana irāmutu, ko Te Rangihaeata. I muri tata i a rātou ka whai atu ko Ngāti Tama me Ngāti Mutunga o Taranaki. Kāhore a Ngāti Ira me ōna hapū āwhina i hiahia ki te whakaoreore i tā rātou nohotahi ko ngā ope nāna rātou i urutomo, ko Ngāti Toa ki Pari-ā-rua, ko Ngāti Mutunga ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara. Ahakoa te manawarau o te rongomau, i tau tonu te rangimārie i ngā tau tuatahi. Otirā tērā anō ngā haututū, me ngā kōwhetewhete mō ā rātou mahinga kai, me ō rātou roherohenga. Heoi, i te takiwā ki te tau 1824, ka tae mai te āwangawanga ki a Te Poki, he rangatira nō Ngāti Mutunga, mō te āhua o tā rātou noho mō ngā rā kei mua i a rātou. Ka anga a ia ki te whakatakoto tikanga hei pakanga whakamate atu i a Ngāti Ira.

I tūpono ki te wā i haere ai a Tāmairangi ki te toro i ōna whanaunga i te taha rāwhiti o Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ka whakaekea nei e Ngāti Mutunga ngā rohe o Ngāti Ira. I te tōroa o te pakanga he tokomaha te iwi i patua. Ko Tāmairangi me ana tamariki me ngā mōrehu o tōna iwi i whakaruru atu ki runga i tētahi moutere iti, ko Tapu-te-ranga, kei te kokoru o Paekawakawa (Island Bay). I hangaia he pā me ngā pakitara kōhatu ki te taha rāwhiti o te toka matua. Te taenga mai o Ngāti Mutunga ki te tuki i te pā, ka utaina a Tāmairangi me ana tamariki ki runga waka hoe. Ka mawhiti atu ki te rā tō, ka taha atu i Rimurapa (Sinclair Head), ā, ka tae rātou ki Ōhariu. Heoi anō, i mau herehere rātou i tētahi rōpū ō Ngāti Mutunga.

Ka whakaaro a Tāmairangi tērā ia e whakamatea. Ka tono ia ki ngā rangatira o Ngāti Mutunga, kia tukuna ia kia poroporoaki ki ana whenua me tōna iwi. Ka waiata i tētahi waiata nāna anō i tito. Na, i te kaha pai o tana waiata, ka pupū te aroha i roto i a Te Rangihaeata. I tūpono tana toro atu i a Ngāti Mutunga i taua wā tonu. Kātahi ia ka tuku kupu ki a Tāmairangi me tōna whānau kia haere mai ki a ia. Māna rātou e awhi. Mauria ana rātou e ia ki te moutere o Kapiti.

Ko te tama ātaahua a Tāmairangi, a Te Kēkerengū, tētahi o ngā herehere i runga o Kapiti. Ka puta ngā whakapae nā Te Kēkerengū i hīanga tētahi o ngā wāhine a Te Rangihaeata. Mōhio tonu a Te Kēkerengū kei te whakatata mai te mate ki a ia me tōna whānau. Ka oma a Tāmairangi, a Te Kēkerengū me tō rāua iwi i Kapiti mā runga waka, ka whakawhiti i Te Moana-a-Raukawa ki te moutere o Arapawa, te kāinga tupu o Tāmairangi. Nō te taenga atu o ngā wawara taua o Ngāti Toa kei te urutomo haere i ngā rohe kei te tonga o Te Moana-a-Raukawa, ka hiki te ope a Tāmairangi ka whakaheke haere i Te Waipounamu.

Kāhore i te tino mārama ngā kōrero mō tēnei whānau o Ngāti Ira. He kōrero e kī ana, ko Tāmairangi, ko Te Kēkerengū me tō rāua iwi i patupatua i Kaikōura. Ko ētahi kōrero e kī ana i patua kētia i te pā o Kaiapoi. Ko te āhua nei i rapa whakaruru rātou i te taha o Ngāi Tahu i Kaikoura, ā, i patua tahi rātou ko Ngāi Tahu e Te Rauparaha me Ngāti Toa ki Ōtama-ā-kura, he pā torutoru nei ngā māero ki te tonga o Kaikōura, i te tau pea o 1828. Heoi, he nui tonu ngā kōrero nā Ngāi Tahu i patupatu a Tāmairangi me tōna iwi. He whakapae nā Ngāi Tahu tērā pea ko Tāmairangi rāua ko Te Kēkerengū te take o ngā whawhai, na, ka patua hei utu. He nui anō ngā tuhituhi i patua kētia te iwi nei ki tētahi kāinga nō muri nei ka karangahia ko Te Kēkerengū. E rua tekau māero ki te tonga o Te Karaka (Cape Campbell).

Ka mate atu a Tāmairangi me Te Kēkerengū ka ngaro atu hoki te mana tiketike o ngā ariki o Ngāti Ira. Ko ngā uri whakaheke kei Te Wairarapa, ko te whānau a Hēmi Te Miha. I heke iho i te moenga o Te Kēkerengū i a Tāwera.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Burns, P. Te Rauparaha. Wellington, 1980

    Carkeek, W. The Kapiti coast. Wellington, 1966

    Smith, S. P. History and traditions of the Maoris of the West Coast, North Island of New Zealand prior to 1840. New Plymouth, 1910


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Tāmairangi', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1t8/tamairangi (accessed 19 April 2024)