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Tama-i-parea, Āperahama

by Ian Church

Biography

Tae rawa atu ki te tekau tau mai i 1850, kua noho ko Āperahama Tama-i-parea te rangatira aporei o Ngā Rauru i te whārua o Waitōtara ki te tonga o Taranaki. I whānau ia i ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 1800–1899. Kei te taitama tonu ia i te wā i nohoia ai tō rātou pā matua a Te Ihupuku e Te Rauparaha i te tau 1822. Ahakoa ngā tukinga maha o muri mai a Te Wherowhero me ērā atu o ngā ngārahu o Waikato, kīhai a Ngā Rauru i hinga. I ngā tau tōmuri o te tekau tau mai i 1830, ka huri a Ngā Rauru ki te whakapono Karaitiana. He kaupapa tēnei i mauria ake e te hunga o Ngāti Ruanui i tahuri ki te Whakapono i Te Tai Tokerau. Ka whakaarahia he whare karakia ki Te Ihupuku, ā, nō te Hune o 1840, ka peka atu te minita, a Te Haena (Samuel Ironside). I taua Hune anō, ka taka a Āperahama ki raro i te awe o ngā mihinare o te Hāhi Mihinare kua noho tūturu nei ki Whanganui, ā, ka puta ake hei kaiwhakaako mō tōna iwi. I ngā tini haere a te minita rā, a Te Teira (Richard Taylor) ki te hora i te Rongopai, ko Āperahama tōna hoa haere. Nō taua wā anō pea tana moenga i a Rīria. I puta he tamāhine mā rāua, ā, nō te 15 o Oketopa 1843, ka iriiria e Te Teira, ka tapaina ko Rīria Kamuwai. Heoti, ko te āhua nei i mate a Rīria, te wahine tuatahi, nō te mea i te 23 o Tīhema 1851, ka moea e Āperahama a Te Wai Popopuwha o Waitōtara. Ko te whakaaro ko Arihia te īngoa iriiri o te wahine tuarua nei.

I te Ākuhata o 1840, ka puta ake mā te awa o Waitōtara te marau a Ngāti Pēhi hapū o Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki te huaki i te pā o Pātoka. Ka whakatika ake ko Ngā Rauru me ōna uku kātahi ka patua, ka whakamōrarotia. Ka taka ki Āperire o 1841, ka whakatahi a Ngā Rauru ki Whenuakura, he āwangawanga kei rautipua. I Tīhema o 1844, ka rewa atu te waitaua a Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II i Taupō ki te ngaki i ngā mate o ō rātou ahurei i hinga ki Pātoka pā. Ka tū mai ko te taua a Āperahama. He hokowhitu tōpū, arā, e 280 ngā toa, i whakahiatotia ake i Te Ihupuku, i Tīhoi, i Pātea hoki. Ka tū mai anō hoki ko ngā ngohi o Ngāti Ruanui me ērā atu iwi o Taranaki hei tuarā mō Ngā Rauru. I waona e ngā hōia Pākehā me ngā mihinare ngā hoa tauwhāinga nei, nā reira i kore ai i tū te riri ki waenga i aua iwi.

Ka ū te maungārongo, ka tahuri a Ngā Rauru ki ngā mahi whai huanga ki a rātou. Nō Hānuere o 1851, ka tuku a Āperahama i a ia hei kaiāwhina mō ngā kaimau mēra ki te whakawhiti i te awa o Waitōtara. I tīmata anō hoki tōna iwi ki te whakatipu wīti me ērā atu momo hua whenua; ko tētahi wāhanga mō te mākete i Whanganui. Nō te Hune o 1852, ka hainatia e rāua ko H. C. Field o Whanganui te whakarite kia hangaia he mira parāoa ki Te Ihupuku. Heoi, nā te mātotoru haere o te noho mai a te Pākehā i hari ake ētahi tikanga whakanoho taupetupetu i te iwi.

I Mei o 1854, ka hui tahi a Ngā Rauru rātou ko Ngāti Ruanui me ngā iwi o Taranaki ki Manawapou. He māharahara nō Ngāti Ruanui ki ngā mahi hokohoko whenua te take. Ka whakatauria ngā paenga o ngā whenua o tēnā o tēnā iwi me ngā wāhi o aua whenua kīhai mō te hoko. Ko Āperahama tētahi o ngā amorangi tokowhitu o Ngā Rauru nāna i haina te pukapuka whakarite. I te tata paunga o te tekau tau atu i 1850 e manawa pā ana a Ngā Rauru ki te uru atu ki ngā raruraru o Taranaki ki te raki. Nō te hui o 23 o Hānuere 1858 ki Perekama, ka whakakāhoretia e Ngā Rauru tā rātou hainatanga o Manawapou. Ko Āperahama tētahi i kī, ko ngā whāinga kē mā Ngā Rauru, ko ngā mahi hūmārie, ko te whakapono ki te Atua, ko te whakawhirinaki ki te Kuini.

Nō ngā rā tōmuri o Hānuere 1859, ka tae ake ngā kanohi a te Kīngi Māori ki Ngā Rauru i Heriko me Te Ihupuku. Nō te kōrerotanga atu ki a rātou kia pēwheatia ō rātou whenua, ka ngākau hīkaka ētahi. I reira tonu ka whakatauria e Āperahama rāua ko tana tama, e Pēhimana, kia hokona te poraka o Waitōtara ki te kāwanatanga. Ko te paenga o taua whenua ki te takutai moana ko te wahapū o te awa o Waitōtara ki te ngutuawa o te wai o Kai Iwi. E £500 te moni whakatau i utua i Mei o 1859. Ko ngā whenua i rāhuitia mō te iwi he whenua e uaratia ana, ā, nō Hūrae rā anō o 1863 kātahi anō ka tatū ngā whakariteritenga. I taua wā anō ka tomokia a Waikato e ngā hōia a te Karauna.

He wā tuarangaranga ngātahi mō te hunga a Tūmatauenga me te hunga a Rongo ngā pakanga o te tekau tau atu i 1860. He wā anō hoki nō te taenga mai o ngā whakapono hou. I te tau 1864, ka riro a Āperahama rātou ko tana iwi i te Pai Mārire. I taua tau anō ka kawea e te Pai Mārire he mōkaikai ki tēnā, ki tēnā iwi. Ko te kaupapa o ēnei kawenga he taritari ope mō rātou. Nō Kāpene T. W. J. Lloyd tētahi o aua mōkaikai. E haria ake ana tōna ki Pipiriki i te marama o Āperire 1864, ka peka atu ki a Āperahama mā i Perekama. Nō muri i te hinganga o te Pai Mārire i te motu o Moutoa i te awa o Whanganui, ka tukuna te mōkaikai o Lloyd ki a Charles Broughton. Na, i whakaparahakotia e Āperahama te hokonga o te poraka o Waitōtara nō te mea kīhai i whakamaua tana īngoa ki te whakaaetanga ā-pukapuka whakamutunga. Ko Āperahama tētahi o ngā manu kura i hui ki Weraroa pā i te awa o Waitōtara. Nō te Pēpuere o 1865, ka whakaohiti ake rātou i reira ki a Rūtene Tianara Duncan Cameron, me whakatahi ana hōia ki te taha tonga o te wai o Kai Iwi. Kātahi ka pāhorotia ngā kāinga o Ngā Rauru, arā, a Perekama me Āreiahi. I Weraroa, ka hauraro a Āperahama ki te kāwanatanga, ka tukuna mā Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi i Pūtiki e tiaki.

E hia rānei ngā tau kātahi anō a Āperahama rātou ko tōna iwi ka hoki ki ō rātou whenua tupu. Nō Noema o 1868, ko Tītokowaru e kimi tuarā ana mōna i a Āperahama. Kīhai i kīkī ake a Āperahama rātou ko ōna ariki ihorei, ēngari ko te nuinga o Ngā Rauru i whakaae. Me te aha hoki, i Āperire o 1869, ka whakatika atu te marau hōia a te kāwanatanga ki te tai whakaroto o te awa o Waitōtara. Anea ana ngā kāinga me ngā mahinga kai i a rātou, he rautipu i a Ngā Rauru mō te tautoko i a Tītokowaru. Ka hipa nā ngā tau e hia kē nei, ka tīmata anō a Ngā Rauru ki te whakaora ake i te pū o te oranga mō rātou, arā, te mahi ahu whenua.

Ko te mahi a Āperahama i te tekau tau atu i 1870 he tuhituhi ki te ētita o te nūpepa ko Te Wānanga te īngoa. He take whenua te tino kaupapa o aua tuhituhinga. Ko te whakaaro i noho ia ki Waikanae mō tētahi wā. Nō Maehe o 1872, arā ia i Ōtepoti (Dunedin), he toro atu i te iwi o Taranaki e tukuna ake ana i te whare herehere. Ka taka ki 1882, ka tautokoria kia tukuna he pukapuka whakaū i te mana whenua (Crown grant) ki a ia me te 17 o tōna iwi mō ngā whenua o Hauriri me Te Ihupuku. Hui katoa e 932 eka te rahi. E ngaro ana te rā, te marama me te tau i mate ai a Āperahama Tama-i-parea.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Chapple, L. J. B. & C. Barton. Early missionary work in Whanganui. Wanganui, 1930

    Houston, J. Maori life in old Taranaki. Wellington, 1965

    Smart, M. J. G. & A. P. Bates. The Wanganui story. Wanganui, 1972

    Thomson, K. W., ed. The legacy of Turi. Palmerston North, 1976


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Ian Church. 'Tama-i-parea, Āperahama', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1t7/tama-i-parea-aperahama (accessed 24 April 2024)