Mahere Pae Tukutuku Section: Creative and Intellectual LifeArchitecture and DesignDomestic architectureFashion and textile designGraphic designIndustrial designLandscape architectureWhare MāoriPublic, commercial and church architectureTheatres, cinemas and hallsArts and SocietyArts and social engagementArts and the nationArts education and trainingArts festivalsArts funding and supportArts reviewingAwards and prizesCensorshipCreative and intellectual expatriatesExhibitions and world’s fairsIntellectual property lawIntellectualsNew Zealand culture overseasPacific arts in New ZealandRegional cultural lifeYoung people and the artsCultural and Heritage InstitutionsArchivesArt galleries and collectionsHistoric placesLibrariesNgā whare taongaMuseumsLiteratureChildren’s and young adult literatureComics and graphic novelsFictionNgā tuhinga ōpakiNgā tuhinga me te rangahauNon-fictionPoetryPublishingTe whakamārama reo ā-tuhi, ā-waha hokiMedia and FilmCartooningDigital media and the internetDocumentary filmExperimental filmFeature filmMagazines and periodicalsTe iwi Māori me te WhakaataNgā niupepa me ngā moheniNgā Reo Irirangi NewspapersRadioScreen industryTelevisionMusicBrass and pipe bandsChoral music and choirsClassical musiciansComposersFolk, country and blues musicJazz and dance bandsNgā kaitito waiataNgā taonga puoro Opera and musical theatreOrchestrasPopular musicRecording companies and studiosWaiata tawhitoWaiata hōuPerforming ArtsActors and actingBalletContemporary danceCultural danceHip hopKapa HakaTe Whare Tapere HōuPlays and playwrightsTheatre companies and producersTheatre designScholarship and IdeasAnthropology and archaeologyClassical and foreign-language studiesCriticism and the artsHistory and historiansIdeas in New ZealandLife sciencesLinguisticsNgā tari MāoriMedical researchPhilosophyPhysics, chemistry and mathematicsPublic historyResearch institutionsSocial sciencesVisual ArtsNgā Toi HōuCrafts and applied artsNgā toi anaTe raranga me te whatuMedia artPaintingPhotographyPost-object and conceptual artPublic and street artSculpture and installation artWhakairoSection: Daily Life, Sport and RecreationAlcohol and DrugsAlcoholDrugsLiquor lawsTe tupeka, te waipiro me te tarukinoSmokingBodies and ClothingBeauty contestsBody shape and dietingClothesGymsKākahu MāoriNaturismPersonal groomingTā mokoWashing, cleaning and personal hygieneYoga, Pilates and other exercise systemsFood and DrinkCookingEatingFoodTe hākariKai MāoriPicnics and barbecuesRestaurants and food outletsTea, coffee and soft drinksHome and Daily LifeTe noho a te haporiFurnitureHome décor and furnishingsHousehold managementHousingTe noho whareRhythms of daily lifeLeisure and PastimesArcade, computer and video gamesCampingCards, board games and puzzlesChildren’s playCollectingDancingDomestic recreation and hobbiesGamblingHolidaysNgā mahi a te rēhiaMau rākauNightclubsSewing, knitting and textile craftsNgā takaro a ngā tūpunaWeekendsSocial Customs and LanguageBirthdays and wedding anniversariesEnglish language in New ZealandHumourManners and social behaviourTe whakakataNgā mahi tikaTe whakahaere maraeNew Zealand Sign LanguageSpeech and accentTe kawa o te maraeTe reo MāoriNew Zealanders and SportAmateurism and professionalismChildren and sportDisability sportGender and sportGovernment and sportNgāi Māori hākinakinaMilitary and sportOlympic and Commonwealth gamesSport and societySport and the nationSports medicine and drugsSports reporting and commentatingSports venuesVeterans and masters sportSportsArchery, fencing, shooting and military re-enactmentAthleticsBasketballBilliards, snooker, pool and dartsBodybuilding, weightlifting and powerliftingBowls, pétanque and tenpinBoxing and wrestlingCricketCycle racingEquestrianism and horse sportsExtreme sports and adventure sportsFootballGolfHockeyHorse and greyhound racingIce sportsIndoor sportsTe Whutupaoro MāoriMarching teams and cheerleadersMartial artsMinor outdoor sportsMotor sportNetballPowered water sportsRoller skating and skateboardingRowingRugby leagueRugby unionSoftball and baseballSwimmingTennisTriathlon and multisportWaka amaSection: Government and NationEducationAdult educationEarly childhood education and careMātauranga MāoriPrimary and secondary educationPrivate educationTertiary educationInstitutions of GovernmentCabinet governmentColonial and provincial governmentConstitutionGovernors and governors-generalLocal and regional governmentOmbudsmen and officers of ParliamentParliamentPremiers and prime ministersSelf-government and independenceLegal SystemHuman rightsJudicial systemLawTe Kōti WhenuaPolicePrisonsNationhood and IdentityAnniversariesCapital cityCoat of armsCoins and banknotesFlagsMemorials and monumentsNational anthemsNew Zealand identityNgā hakiPostage stampsPublic buildingsPublic holidaysRoyal familyRoyal honours systemVisitors’ opinions about New ZealandNew Zealand and the WorldAfrica and New ZealandAntarctica and New ZealandAsia and New ZealandAustralia and New ZealandBritain, Europe and New ZealandDevelopment assistance and humanitarian aidEmpire and CommonwealthForeign policy and diplomatic representationInternational lawLatin America and New ZealandMultilateral organisationsPacific Islands and New ZealandUnited States and New ZealandPolitical ParticipationElections and campaignsElectoral systemsInterest groupsKāwanatangaKīngitangaKotahitangaLabour PartyMedia and politicsNational PartyNgā māngaiNgā rōpū tautohetohePolitical partiesPolitical valuesPublic protestReferendumsTōrangapūVoting rightsState Sector and PolicyTikanga ruaCommissions of inquiryCrown entitiesFreedom of official informationHousing and governmentNgā take Māori, ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga mō te MāoriPublic serviceReserve BankState services and the Public Service CommissionState-owned enterprisesTe ture – Māori and legislationTreasuryTe Tiriti – the TreatyHe WhakaputangaNgā whakataunga tiritiNgā mātāpono o te tiritiTe Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o WaitangiTe Tiriti o WaitangiWar and DefenceArmed forcesAsian conflictsCivil defenceCold WarConscription, conscientious objection and pacifismFirst World WarIntelligence servicesMilitary medalsNgā riri mau pūNgā pakanga o AotearoaNgā pakanga ki tāwāhiPeacekeepingSecond World WarSouth African WarTerrorism and counter-terrorismRiriVeterans’ assistanceSection: Social ConnectionsDifference and InequalityClassCultural go-betweensEthnic and religious intoleranceEthnic inequalitiesEuropean ideas about MāoriGender inequalitiesIntermarriageMāori–Pākehā relationsNgā tuakiri hōuTe mana o te wāhineTūranga i te haporiWomen and menWomen’s movementCommunity OrganisationsAnimal welfare and rightsAnti-racism and Treaty of Waitangi activismDisability and disability organisationsHealth advocacy and self-helpMen’s clubsMigrant and refugee organisationsNgā rōpūPrisoner support and advocacyVoluntary welfare organisationsWomen’s labour organisationsWomen’s networks and clubsYouth organisationsFamily, Whānau and HouseholdsAdoptionChildren’s homes and fosteringCommunes and communitiesDiverse familiesDivorce and separationFamilies: a historyFamily welfareGenealogy and family historyMarriage and partneringWhakapapaWhānauWhāngaiHealthAlternative health therapiesCare and carersChild and youth healthDental careEpidemicsHealth and societyHealth practitionersHospitalsMedicines and remediesMental health servicesMen’s healthPacific Island healthPrimary health carePublic healthSuicideTe hauora Māori i muaWomen’s healthLife Stages and PopulationChildhoodDeath and dyingDeath rates and life expectancyInheritanceKaumātuaMidlife adultsNgā mātuaNgā tamarikiOlder peopleParentingPopulation changeTangihangaTaupori MāoriTeenagers and youthReligionAnglican ChurchAtheism and secularismCatholic ChurchDiverse Christian churchesDiverse religionsInterdenominational ChristianityNgā poropitiMethodist ChurchMissions and missionariesNgā hāhiPacific churches in New ZealandPresbyterian ChurchTe Haahi RātanaReligion and societySalvation ArmyNgā karakia a te MāoriCrimeChild abuseDishonesty crimeDomestic violenceGangsSecurity and personal safetyVictims of crimeViolent crimeYouth offendersSexuality and ReproductionAbortionContraception and sterilisationGay men’s livesGender diversityHōkakatangaInfertility and childlessnessLesbian livesLove and romancePregnancy, birth and baby careSex workSexual healthSexualitiesTe whānau tamarikiSection: Economy and the CityEconomic History and GeographyBusiness cyclesCustoms and tariffsEconomic historyEconomic thoughtGovernment and industrial developmentNgā umangaOverseas trade policyRegional economiesSouth Pacific economic relationsTe Māori i te ohangaTe ohanga onamata a roheInfrastructure and ServicesAmbulance servicesEnergy supply and useFires and fire servicesHydroelectricityMail and couriersMātauranga hangarauSewage, water and wasteTelecommunicationsLabour ForceApprenticeships and trade trainingEmployer and business organisationsHousehold servicesNgā unianaOccupational structureStrikes and labour disputesTe rāngai mahiUnions and employee organisationsUnpaid domestic workWorkforce compositionWorkplace safety and accident compensationManufacturing and BuildingAgricultural processing industriesBuilding and construction industryBuilding materialsBuilding tradesClothing and footwear manufacturingEngineeringFactory industriesFood and beverage manufacturingInventions, patents and trademarksManufacturing – an overviewPulp and paper, aluminium and steel industriesWorkshop industriesRetail and CommerceAccountancyAdvertisingBusiness failures and corporate fraudDepartment stores and shopping mallsFood shopsInsuranceKnowledge-based industriesMarketsNgā haumi a iwiReal estateSecond-hand tradeShopsStock marketTe tāpoi MāoriTourist industryThe CityCity boosters and promotersCity children and youthCity history and peopleCity imagesCity parks and green spacesCity planningCity public spacesCity stylesCulture and recreation in the cityHotels and motelsInner-city livingMen and women in the cityNgā tāone nuiParades and protest marchesStreet lifeSuburbsThe EconomyBalance of paymentsBanking and financeEconomy and the environmentIncome and wealth distributionIndustrial sectorsInternational economic relationsInvestmentLarge companiesLaw and the economyNational income and GDPPrices and inflationSpending in the economyTaxesTransportBicyclesBridges and tunnelsCars and the motor industryCoaches and long-distance busesFerriesFreight and warehousingMotorcyclesPublic transportRailway accidentsRailwaysRoad accidentsRoadsStreets and lightingTaxis and cabsTransport – overviewSection: The BushUnderstanding the Natural WorldNative plants and animals – overviewThe New Zealand bushCollections of plants and animalsEarly mappingEcoregionsEuropean discovery of plants and animalsEvolution of plants and animalsEuropean explorationGeomorphology – a historyKōrero taiaoNgā waewae tapuPatupaiarehePerceptions of the landscapeSoil investigationTaniwhaTe Ao MāramaTe Waonui a TāneLandscapesLandscapes – overviewDune landsGlaciers and glaciationLakesLimestone countryMountainsNearshore islandsPapatūānukuRiversSoilsWaterfallsWetlandsNative Plants & FungiAlpine plantsConifer–broadleaf forestsConifersFerns and lycophytesFlax and flax workingForest succession and regenerationFungiGrasslandsKauri forestLichensLiverworts and hornwortsMossesNew Zealand species overseasOrchidsPoisonous plants and fungiShrublandsShrubs and small trees of the forestSouthern beech forestTall broadleaf treesFish, Frogs & ReptilesEelsFrogsLife in fresh waterLizardsFreshwater fishNgāraraTuataraWhitebait and whitebaitingInsects & Other InvertebratesInsects – overviewAntsBeetlesButterflies and mothsCicadasGlow-wormsPeripatusSandflies and mosquitoesSnails and slugsSpiders and other arachnidsStick insectsTe aitanga pepekeWasps and beesWētāNative Birds & BatsLand birds – overviewBatsBirds of mountains and open countryBirds of preyKiwiLarge forest birdsMoaNgā manuSmall forest birdsWetland birdsUses of the BushBush trams and other log transportHorticultural use of native plantsKauri gum and gum diggingLogging native forestsPlant extractsRongoāTe hopu tunaTe ngahereTe tāhere manuBush and Mountain RecreationBirdwatchingCanoeing and raftingCavingMountaineeringSearch and rescueSkiingTrampingWalking tracksConservationConservation – a historyExtinctionsHuman effects on the environmentIntroduced animal pestsKaitiakitangaNational parksProtected areasThreatened speciesWeeds of the bushSection: Earth, Sea and SkyAstronomyAstronomy – overviewMaramatakaMatariki – Te Tau Hou MāoriMeteoritesNight skyRanginuiSouthern CrossTimekeepingBirds of Sea and ShoreSeabirds – overviewAlbatrossesBird migrationGannets and boobiesGulls, terns and skuasHeronsPenguinsPetrelsShagsWading birdsClimate and AtmosphereAtmosphereClimateClimate changeLightTāwhirimāteaWeatherWeather forecastingWind and solar powerGeologyGeology – overviewFossilsGemstonesGeological explorationKōhatuMagnetic fieldRock and mineral namesTe auahatanga o te whenuaHarvesting the SeaAquacultureFishing industryMātaitaiRecreational sea fishingSeafoodSealingTe hī ikaTe mahi tītīWhalingHot Springs and Geothermal EnergyGeothermal energyHot springs, mud pools and geysersLife in hot springsThermal pools and spasMarine EnvironmentsCoastal shorelineEstuariesFiordsOpen oceanSea floorMineral ResourcesMining and underground resourcesBuilding stoneCoal and coal miningGold and gold miningIron and steelMarine mineralsOil and gasPounamuRadioactive mineralsRock, limestone and claySaltNatural Hazards and DisastersNatural hazards – overviewActive faultsEarthquakesFloodsHistoric earthquakesHistoric volcanic activityLandslidesTsunamisVolcanoesOcean Study and ConservationCharting the sea floorCoastal erosionEngineering on the sea floorLaw of the foreshore and seabedLaw of the seaMarine conservationMarine invadersOcean currents and tidesSea floor geologyTangaroaRecreation – Sea and SkyAerial recreationBeach cultureBeachcombingDiving and snorkellingKites and manu tukutukuLifesaving and surfingOpen water swimmingSailing and windsurfingSea and Air TransportAir crashesAviationCastawaysLighthousesPorts and harboursSeafarersShipbuildingShippingShipwrecksWakaSea LifeCoastal fishCorals, anemones and jellyfishCrabs, crayfish and other crustaceansDeep-sea creaturesDolphinsMarine animals without backbonesOceanic fishOctopus and squidOrcasPlanktonSealsSeaweedSharks and raysShellfishStarfish, sea urchins and other echinodermsTe whānau puhaWhalesSection: Settled LandscapeAnimal FarmingBeef farmingBeekeepingDairying and dairy productsDeer and deer farmingDiseases of sheep, cattle and deerExotic farm animalsGoats and goat farmingMeat and woolPigs and the pork industryPoultry industryShearingSheep farmingChanging the LandscapeFarm fencingOneoneTe mahi kaiFarm mechanisationFarming and the environmentFarming in the economyFire and agricultureIrrigation and drainagePasturesSoil erosion and conservationSoils and regional land useWater qualityWater resourcesClaiming the LandAhuwhenuaTe tango whenuaLand ownershipModern mapping and surveyingPlace namesTake whenuaTapa whenuaCountry LifeCountry schoolingCountry townsDuck shootingFarm buildingsFarm familiesFreshwater fishingGame birdsHuntingRural clothingRural languageRural mediaRural mythologiesRural recreationRural servicesRural tourismRural workersShows and field daysCropsApples and pearsKai PākehāNgā tupu mai i HawaikiArable farmingCitrus, berries, exotic fruit and nutsHops, tobacco and hempKiwifruitKūmaraMarket gardens and production nurseriesMushrooms and other cultivated fungiOrganic farmingStone fruit and the summerfruit industryViticultureWineFarming Support ServicesAgricultural and horticultural researchAgricultural educationBiosecurityFarmer and grower organisationsFertiliser industryGovernment and agricultureStock and station agenciesSuperphosphateTopdressingTransport of animalsVeterinary servicesIntroduced Plants and AnimalsAcclimatisationKioreKurīCoarse fishEarthwormsFarm dogsTe hōiho me te iwiHorsesInsect pests of crops, pasture and forestryIntroduced land birdsPetsPossumsRabbitsTrout and salmonWeeds of agricultureZoos and aquariumsTrees and GardensExotic forestryForestry researchGardensPublic gardensRadiata pineShelter on farmsTrees in the rural landscapeSection: Māori New ZealandersIwiNgā iwi o HaurakiNgā Māori kei tāwāhiNgā iwi o MarutūahuMorioriMuaūpokoMuriwhenuaNgā Rauru KītahiNgāi TahuNgāi TūhoeNgāpuhiNgāti ApaNgāti AwaNgāti KahungunuNgāti ManiapotoNgāti PorouNgāti RaukawaNgāti RongomaiwahineNgāti RuanuiNgāti ToarangatiraNgāti TūwharetoaNgāti WhātuaRangitāneNgā iwi o TāmakiTaranaki tribeTauranga MoanaTe ArawaTe Āti Awa ki TaranakiTe Āti Awa ki Te Whanganui-a-TaraNgā iwi o Te Tau IhuTe WhakatōheaTe Whānau-ā-ApanuiNgā iwi o Tūranganui-a-KiwaTe iwi Māori kei ngā tāoneWaikato iwiNgā iwi o WhanganuiNgā iwi o WhāngāreiMāori origins and arrivalsNgā heke i te Wai NuiTe whakatere wakaNōnahea a Aotearoa nōhia tuatahitia ai?Ngā ariā mō te pūtakenga mai o te MāoriHawaikiTe orokohanga mai o te aoNgā iwi tuatahiNgā waka tere moanaNgā whakahaerenga ā-iwiSection: New Zealand PeoplesOrigins and arrivalsEuropean discovery of New ZealandHistory of immigrationThe voyage outImmigration regulationRefugeesCitizenshipPeoplesAfricansAustraliansCambodiansCentral and South-eastern EuropeansChineseCook IslandersDalmatiansDutchIngarihiFijiansFilipinosFrenchGermansGreeks – the Hellenic communityHungariansIndiansIndonesiansIrishItaliansJapaneseJewsKiwis overseasKoreansLaotiansLatin AmericansMalaysians and SingaporeansMiddle Eastern peoplesNiueansNorth AmericansOther Western EuropeansPolesRussians, Ukrainians and Baltic peoplesSamoansScandinaviansScotsSouth AfricansSouth Pacific peoplesSri LankansSwissThaisThe New ZealandersTokelauansTongansVietnameseWelshSection: PlacesAucklandAuckland regionAuckland placesBay of PlentyBay of Plenty regionBay of Plenty placesCanterburyCanterbury regionCanterbury placesEast CoastEast Coast regionEast Coast placesHauraki–CoromandelHauraki–Coromandel regionHauraki–Coromandel placesHawke's BayHawke’s Bay regionHawke’s Bay placesKing CountryKing Country regionKing Country placesManawatū and HorowhenuaManawatū and Horowhenua regionManawatū and Horowhenua placesMarlboroughMarlborough regionMarlborough placesNelsonNelson regionNelson placesNorthlandNorthland regionNorthland placesOffshore IslandsChatham IslandsKermadec IslandsSubantarctic islandsOtagoOtago regionOtago placesSouth CanterburySouth Canterbury regionSouth Canterbury placesSouthlandSouthland regionSouthland placesStewart Island/RakiuraTaranakiTaranaki regionTaranaki placesVolcanic PlateauVolcanic Plateau regionVolcanic Plateau placesWaikatoWaikato regionWaikato placesWairarapaWairarapa regionWairarapa placesWellingtonWellington regionWellington placesWest CoastWest Coast regionWest Coast placesWhanganuiWhanganui regionWhanganui placesSection: New Zealand in BriefNgā auahatanga o AotearoaTe wairua auaha o AotearoaNgā toi ataata, ngā mahi toiTauira me te auahaHoahoanga (architecture)Te kiriata me te pāpāhoTe tuhi me te whakaputa pukapukaNgā PūoruNgā toi whakaariTe iwi MāoriTe iwi me te tikanga whakaaro i ēnei rāTe noho a te Māori i mua i te taenga mai o te PākehāTe taenga mai o te PākehāKa heke, ka piki te ao MāoriTe noho tāone me te kake anō a te iwi Māori ki rungaHītoriTe taenga mai me te noho a te MāoriTe Pākehā ki te tau 1840Te Karauna o Ingarangi me te whakanohoNgā pakanga, ngā hōrapatanga, ngā paheketangaMai te Rīpera ki te ReipaTe paunga o te rau tau 1900EconomyDistinctive featuresAgricultural productionOther primary productionSecondary productionTertiary productionExternal tradeConsumptionWorkers and incomesThe Māori economy: a historyThe European economy: a historyTe ao tūroaTe aro me te tātai i te whenuaTe ākauTe āhuarangiTe wao nui a TāneNgā kararehe, ngā manuTuakiri o Aotearoa me te kāwanatangaTakenga o te tuakiri o AotearoaMai whenua maru ki whenua motuhakeTe kaupapa turePūnaha kāwanatangaTe tikanga pōtiRāngai kāwanatanga me ngā pūtahi kāwanatangaNgā whakahaere o te tureKāwanatanga ā-roheTe tuakiri o AotearoaAotearoa me te aoHaporiTe iwi o AotearoaNgā wāhi noho o ngā tāngataNgā whānau, ngā kāingaTe wahine, te tāneTe hauora o te motuMātaurangaNgā whakapono, ngā hāhi Te ao neiNgā kai, ngā inu, ngā kākahuNgā hākinakina, te rēhiaTe kāinga, te tāoneTe petipetiNgā hākinakina ōpakiNgā hākinakina whai tikangaSite InformationMō te paetukutukuHe mea hōuNgā Tāngata o Te AraTe Ara in printNgā Tāngata Taumata RauWhakapā maiTukuna mai kōreroContribute an imageTe kimi i Te AraTe Hangarau o Te AraHe whakapuakitanga matatapuMana tāruaHe whakakapeRārangi Whakamārama