Kua tū kē i ngā Māori ngā hīnonga ririki i mua noa atu i te taenga mai o te Pākehā. Ka mutu, he maha ā rātou tikanga tūopu, me ngā ara tauhokohoko hoki i waenganui i ngā whānau, ngā hapū me ngā iwi.
He mea whakahaere ngā mahi tauhokohoko ki roto i te whānuitanga o tētahi rohe, i waenganui i ngā hapū me ngā iwi. I a ngā Māori ō tai te kaimoana, i a ngā Māori ō uta ngā hua rākau, ngā huahua me ētahi atu hua o te ngahere. He mea tauhokohoko katoa te matā tuhua o Tūhua, te pakohe o Whakatū me Rangitoto, te ōnewa o Tāhanga ki Moehau, me te pounamu o Te Waipounamu.
Nō te taenga mai o te Pākehā, kua tahuri ngā Māori ki te tauhokohoko me rātou¸ ā, ka whakarerea atu te mahi tauhokohoko i waenga iwi. Nā ngā Māori i taka kai mā ngā tāone tōmua o Aotearoa ki te hua whenua me te kararehe. Nō konā ka horapa ngā mahi tauhokohoko ki tāwāhi, ki Ahitereiria me Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. Nō te whanaketanga o Aotearoa, me te tipu o te ōhanga, kua mārama te Māori ki ōna tohungatanga mahi pakihi, arā, ko te ahuwhenua me te hao ika. Ko tā rātou hiahia he mahi ki ō rātou rohe ake, me te whai moni i ngā mahi ahuwhenua.
Atu i ngā mahi tauhokohoko, ka ōrua mai ko te ngarotanga o te tikanga whakaaro Māori, me te wairua ake o te mahi Māori. Ka hokona, ka raupatutia rānei ngā whenua Māori e te Karauna. Nō te tau 1860, tata tonu i te katoa o ngā whenua Māori ki Te Waipounamu i riro i ngā Māori. Nō te tau 1900, ko te nuinga o ngā whenua pai mō te ahuwhenua ki te Ika-a-Māui ka riro i ngā ringaringa Māori. Ka riro ngā manawa whenua a ngā Māori; tā rātou oranga. Nā te itiiti o ngā rawa whenua ka mōnenehu te tino rangatiratanga Māori.
He tokomaha ngā kaipupuri ki ngā whenua i toe mai. Nāwai rā, ka tū ko ngā kaitiakitanga me ngā kaporeihana hei whakahaere i ngā whenua nei.
Atu i te pokapūtanga o te rau tau 1900, ka tīmata te horapa haere o te ahumahi. Kāre i roa ka hinga haere ngā mahi ki roto i ngā tāone. Hei whakakī i ngā puareare i waenganui i te hunga mahi, me ngā ture kāwanatanga o te wā hoki i akiaki ngā Māori te hūnuku ki ngā tāone nunui mahi ai ki ngā mahi kore whai pūkenga. E rua ngā tekau tau ka tino kaha te heke a te Māori ki ngā tāone noho ai. Ka huri ngā Māori mai i te noho ki ngā papatipu whenua, ki ngā tāone noho ai.
Ka whakawhiua ko te iwi Māori i ngā hanganga hōu me te katinga o ngā wāhanga whakangao me ngā pakihi nui whakaharahara i ngā tekau tau o 1980 me 1990. He nui noa atu ngā tāngata Māori i whakatahangia i tō ngā iwi o tauiwi. Ka noho koremahi ngā Māori, ā, ka tahuri te nuinga ki te whai penihana kāwanatanga. Ko ētahi ka whai i ngā tauira ā ō rātou tīpuna, arā te whakatū hinonga. Nō konā ka tipu anō te rahi o ngā pakihi Māori ririki.
I ngā tekau tau 1990 me 2000, ka nui kē ake te hunga Māori e mahi ana mō rātou ake i a tauiwi mā, hāunga nō te tau 2009, kāre i rahi ki a tauiwi mā mō te mahi mō rātou ake – ko te hunga Māori me ngā iwi o ngā moutere ngā iwi kīhai i kaha te whai i ngā mahi mō rātou ake. He pēnei anō te rerekē o te Māori ki a tauiwi i ngā tatauranga matua mō te whai mahi. Nā ngā hanganga hou o ngā tekau tau 1980 me 1990 ka hiko ngā Māori ki te mahi hei ‘necessity entrepreneurs’.
Nā te iti o ngā utu mahi, te iti o ngā moni penapena, me te whakakotahitanga o ngā kaipupuri whenua, rawa hoki, ka uaua ake te whai pūtea tautoko mō ētahi atu mahinga hou.
I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, ko te hiahia a ngā pēke nunui he whakawhanake i ā rātou kaupapa here, ture ārahi hoki kia māmā ake ai ngā tuku taurewa moni, tae rawa ake ki ngā rōpū kua pūpū i ō rātou rawa hei taituarā. Ko te pīrangi a ngā kaitiakitanga Māori kaitā me ngā kaporeihana he whakarato i ngā pakihi a ō rātou kaipupuri ki ngā moni a ngā iwi.
He whānui ake ngā tūmomo hanganga o ngā pakihi Māori i ngā tau tōmua o 2000, mai i te mahi pakihi aronga whānui (pērā i ngā mahi tauhoko takitahi, takirua, ā-kamupene rānei) me ngā whakahaerenga marae, whānau, iwi rānei. Kāre ēnei pakihi i whai i ngā tikanga pakihi whānui o tērā wā. He wā kua uaua ake ngā whakataunga, ngā whakahaerenga me ngā tuku pūrongo i waenganui i ngā pakihi ā-iwi.
He pāpaku ngā pūkenga whakahaere a ngā pakihi Māori, nā te kore whai wāhi ki ngā mātauranga o ngā whare wānanga. Nā te kore whai pūkenga whakahaere, kāre i tipu kaha ngā pakihi nei. I ngā tau tōmua o 2000, he nui ngā pakihi Māori e tipu tonu ana, he tino iti rānei. Ko te nuinga kāre anō kia riro i ngā pūkenga tika hei whai oranga.
Ko tētahi raru, ko te hoki o ngā whānau ki ngā pakihi tono moni, mahi rānei ai. Nō konei, kāre i tipu te angitū ki ngā pakihi. Ko te whakaaro ‘tātou tātou’ e kukume whakararo ana i ngā pakihi kia kore ai e tipu.
I ngā tau tōmua o 2000, ko te tau waenga pakeke mō te taupori Māori e 13 ngā tau iti iho i a tauiwi mā. Ka kōkuhu tōmua te hunga Māori ki roto i te ao pakihi i a tauiwi mā, me te kore whai pūkenga mahi.
I ngā tau tōmuri o 1900 ka panoni ngā āhuatanga mō Māori mā te whai i ngā mahi mō rātou ake. I mua atu, ka whai ngā Māori i ēnei tūmomo mahi kia whai oranga ai, nā te korenga o ngā mahi me te kore whai pūkenga. Hāunga i tēnei wā, he maha ngā oranga hou kei te mākete, tae atu ki ngā mahi whakaora i te reo me ngā tikanga.
Ka noho ko te Ture Tiriti o Waitangi 1975 hei tūāpapa whakatau i ngā nawe Māori me te Karauna. Nō te whakaotinga o ngā whakataunga kerēme, kua āhei te Māori te whai oranga.
Whai muri i te tau 1981, ka tahuri ngā Māori mai i ngā mahi ahuwhenua ki ngā mahi ratonga.
Ka piki ake ngā mahi ratonga nā te hiahia ki te tikanga whakaaro Māori ki roto i ngā ao kiriata, pouaka whakaata, reo irirangi, pūoro, hoahoa hoki. Nō te horapatanga o ngā akoako reo Māori, ka kaha ake ngā kamupene whakaputa puka a te Māori.
I whakatūhia Te Māngai Pāho hei whakarato i ngā reo irirangi Māori me ngā hōtaka whakaata, reo irirangi hoki. I hua ake a te Māngai Pāho, i tētahi kokoraho tiriti.
I ngā tau tōmua o 2000, ka tū ko te tikanga whakaaro Māori hei tauwehe mai i ngā mahi pakihi Māori ki ērā o tauiwi. Nō konei ka mana te tū o te tikanga whakaaro Māori ki waenganui i te hapori, ā, ka nui ake ngā pakihi Māori, i whakatūhia ki roto i ngā ao ohanga, hokohoko, tāpoi, hao ika, toi, kai hoki.
Tērā te wā, ko te hao ika, te ahuwhenua me te poro rākau ngā mahi pakihi nui a Māori mā. Hāunga ngā huarahi mō Ngāi Māori kei reira tonu, kua tahuri te reanga Māori hou ki ngā ao kiriata, hoahoa, kai hoki hei oranga mō rātou.
Ko te ao tāpoi te ahumahi nui rawa – ko te hiahia a te hunga turuhi he mātakitaki i te Aotearoa tūturu rawa. Kāre i kō atu i te Māori hei whakaatu i te taha Māori.
I ngā tau tōmua i te 2000, he maha ngā momo pakihi Māori e whakapau kaha ana ki ngā tūmomo mahi katoa.
Ko Kiwi Media Group tētahi o ngā kamupene hanga kiriata Māori o Aotearoa i ngā tau tōmua o 2000. Ka whai kaha ēnei rōpu i te whakatūhanga o Whakaata Māori i te tau 2004. Ko Rhonda Kite o Te Aupōuri te kaitohutohu o Kiwa. I tīmata ake te kamupene nei i tā rātou whakamāori i ngā pakiwaituhi nō tāwāhi. He nui ngā pakipumeka kua waihanga i a rātou, pērā i a Kete aronui me ētahi atu kiriata.
Kua tae atu ngā whakapau kaha hinonga a te Māori ki ngā taumata o te kiriata o te ao katoa. I tohua a Taika Waititi mō tētahi Oscar mō tona kiriata a Two cars one night, ā, ka tohua anō tērā o ana kiriata a Eagle vs. shark ki te ahurei Sundance. Ko ngā kiriata a Wiremu Grace kua tohua ki te ahurei kiriata o Cannes (Tūrangawaewae) me Berlinale (Kēhua).
Nā Fiona Wilson te rōpū kaitatau Māori i whakatū i te marama o Hānuere 1996. E mahi tahi ana rāua ko Rangimarie Parata Takurua i roto i te whakahaerenga nei. I ngā tau tōmua o 2000, e mahi tahi ana a Pareārau Group me ngā iwi tokomaha hei whakahaere i ō rātou rawa.
Ko Taakawa, he waipiro kua kōpirongia me te rau kawakawa. Nā Simon Burney o Whiti rāua ko Bruce Smith o Ngāti Raukawa tēnei waipiro i tunu. I ngā tau tōmua o 2000, ka huri rātou mai i te kōpiro waipiro ki te kāinga, ki te mahi i ngā waipiro 30,000 kīaka te maha i roto i te tau kotahi ki tētahi whare whakangao waipiro.
Nā Bill Groves i hanga i tētahi tauaru mai i ngā pouaka, ngā kātene aihikirimi me ngā pōtae pātara miraka. Ka heria ake e ia te tauaru nei ki tētahi kaipūkaha, ā, nāna i āta hanga i te tauira tuatahi. Ka tono moni a Groves mai i tana hoa hei hanga i te tauaru tuatahi. Kātahi ka kitea e ia tetahi whakamana ā-ture rongonui mō tōna mahi. Nā ngā paipa wai ka taea te whakaheke i te tauaru kia māmā ai te hautū i te waka.
Ka tīmata te rārangi hoahoa kākahu o Kia Kaha i te tau 1994. I tīmata ake i te hoko a tētahi whānau i ngā tīhāte ki ngā wāhi hokohoko o te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi. He hinonga a Kia Kaha i kitea ake ai te whakapau kaha o te whānau kia whai angitū te kamupene nei. Ko te matapae a Kia Kaha, kia tū koia te kamupene hanga kākahu Māori nui rawa o Aotearoa, me te whai wāhi ki roto i te mākete o te ao.
Ka piripono ngā kaiwhakahaere o Kia Kaha ki ngā tikanga Māori. Ko ngā kākahu katoa, he mea whakamana e ētahi kaumātua i te tuatahi, ā, kāore rātou e tāhae ana i ngā tauira Māori tūturu.
He kamupene hanga pānui, hanga whakaaturanga hoki a Taylormade i tīmatahia ake e Ian Taylor o Ngāti Kahungunu me Ngāpuhi i te tau 1990. Nō te tau 2009, 30 te tokomaha o āna kaimahi, tae atu ki te hunga hanga pakiwaituhi, ngā kaihanga hōtaka, kaituhi, kaihoahoa, kaiwhakaari, kaiwhakahaere hoki. I te tau 1992, nā te kamupene o Taylor, a Animation Research i whakawhanake i ngā whakairoiro hākinakina mō te whakaaturanga America’s Cup mā te whakamahi i te global positioning. Kua whakawhanakehia tēnei taonga mō ētahi atu hākinakina puta noa i te ao.