Kōrero: Ngā tuhinga ōpaki

Nō te tekau tau 1950 rā anō ka maiangi ake ngā tuhinga paki a te Māori. Mai i tērā wā, ā, mohoa noa nei kua tū whakahī ngā kaituhi Māori ki te atamira o te motu me te ao katoa. Ko Witi Ihimaera rāua ko Patricia Grace tērā i whakaputa pukapuka i te tekau tau 1970, ā, i te tau 1985 ka riro i a Keri Hulme te tohu Booker Prize.  

He kōrero nā Jeffrey Paparoa Holman
Te āhua nui: Te putanga tuatahi o Te Ao Hou

He korero whakarapopoto

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Te whakapapa o te tuhinga paki

He iwi tukutuku kōrero te Māori ki ōna uri. I roto i te rautau 1800 ka kauwhau te Māori i ōna kōrero ki ngā pukapuka a te Pākehā, ā, nāwai ka whakaputa i ā rātou ake niupepa, hītori hoki.

Nuku mai ki te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900 e tītoko ake ana te Māori i te pāhuatanga o te whenua, o te tangata, me te reo Māori. Ko te mātotoru e noho mai ana i ngā kāinga taiwhenua, kāore e whai wāhi ki ngā mātauranga o te ao whānui. Nō te nekehanga rā anō ki ngā tāone i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua, kātahi anō ka whai wāhi atu ki ngā mātauranga o te ao. Ka huhua ake te hunga pānui i roto i ngā tau, ā, hua rawa mai he kaituhi. 

Ngā tau tōmua

Mai i te tau 1952 ki te tau 1976 ka whakaputa te Tari Māori i te maheni o Te Ao Hou. I te tau 1955, he wāhanga i roto o Te Ao Hou mā ngā kaituhi paki.

  • Ko Jacquie (J.C) Sturm te kaituhi Māori tuatahi kia tuhi ki te reo Pākehā i roto o Te Ao Hou. Nō te tekau tau 1960 ka tuhi ia i āna kohikohinga, engari nō te tau 1983 rawa ka whakaputaina.
  • Ko Witi Ihimaera te Māori tuatahi kia tuhi i tētahi pukapuka tuhinga maha (ko Pounamu, pounamu) i te tau 1972, ā, koia te tuatahi kia whakaputa pakimaero i te tau 1973 (ko Tangi). Inā kē te huhua o āna tuhinga tae noa hoki ki ngā tau mai i te tau rua mano.
  • Ko Waiariki (1975) nā Patricia Grace te pukapuka kohinga kōrero tuatahi kia whakaputaina e te wahine Māori. He mano ngā rau kupu kua tuhia e ia ki ngā wāhanga tamariki, pakeke hoki.  

Ngā kaituhi o muri mai

I kōrero ngā kaituhi Māori o muri mai mō ngā āhuatanga kino o te noho rawakore a te Māori.

  • He wahine tuhi toikupu, pakimaero, kōrero pono hoki a Keri Hulme. Tata tonu kāore i puta te ihu o tāna pakimaero a the bone people (1983), engari ka whakawhiwhia te pukapuka ki te tohu toa ā-ao e kīia nei te Booker Prize.
  • I te tau 1990 ko Alan Duff tērā ka tuhi mō te tūkino whānau, me te inu waipiro i roto i tana pakimaero a Once were warriors. Nō muri mai ka hangaia ko te kiriata o tana pukapuka, me te aha, ka hau tōna rongo ki te ao katoa. 

Ngā tuhinga paki i ngā tau rua mano 

I te tekau tau 2000 ka whakawhānui ngā kaituhi Māori i ā rātou momo kaupapa, ā, ka mahi ētahi ki tāwāhi. Ko James George, ko Paul Morris, ko Kelly Ana Morey ētahi o te hunga nei.

I whakatūria a Huia Publishers i te tau 1991 hei whakatairanga i ngā kaituhi Māori. He reo Ingarihi, reo Māori hoki ngā tuhinga.

He reo Pākehā te nuinga o ngā pakimaero a ngā kaituhi Māori, engari kei reira tonu ngā tohu ā-tau mō ngā kōrero reo Māori. I te tau 2012 nā Katerina Mataira i whakaputa tāna pakimaero pūtaiao i roto i te reo Māori, a Ngā waituhi o Rēhua (2012). Otiia kua whakamāoritia ngā mahi a Witi Ihimaera rāua ko Patricia Grace. 

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Jeffrey Paparoa Holman, 'Ngā tuhinga ōpaki', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/nga-tuhinga-opaki (accessed 26 April 2024)

He kōrero nā Jeffrey Paparoa Holman, i tāngia i te 22 o Oketopa 2014