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by Onehou Phillis

Ka mutu te kaihautū i anga whakamua te titiro ko Eruera Riini Mānuera, arā, ka tata atu ki te ono tekau tau tana noho hei waha kōrero mō Ngāti Awa ki te taha o ngā mahi mō ō rātau whenua, mō ngā mahi whakahaere o te kōti, tae atu ki ngā mahi pāpori, mahi tākaro a tōna iwi. Ko ēnei mahi āna me ngā honohononga kaha i hangaia e ia ki te ao Pākehā, ngā mahi pū i tutuki i a ia.

I whānau a Eruera i te 6 o Hānuere i te tau 1895, i tētahi whare wharau noa i Te Waea, he wāhi kāinga i te awa whakararo atu i Te Teko, whaka-te-rāwhiti atu rā i Te Moana-a-Toi-te-huatahi (Bay of Plenty). Kitea ake te kāwai arikitanga o tōna whaea, o Maata Te Taiawatea Rangitūkehu, te tamāhine rā a Rangitūkehu Hatua, tētahi o ngā rangatira rongonui o Ngāti Awa. Ko te koroua o Maata Te Taiawatea ki te taha o tōna whaea, ko Rangiheuea, he rangatira nō Ngāti Tāoi, tētahi o ngā hapū kārangaranga o Tūhourangi, e tūtata atu ana tōna mana ki ngā rohe o ngā moana o Tarawera me Rotomahana. Poururu ana ngā rae o ngā kaumātua i te moenga o Maata i a Te Hāroto Whakataka Riini Mānuera. Hei tama a Te Hāroto mā Mānuera Te Pohokotia, e kīia nei ko ia te rangatira whakamutunga o te hapū o Warahoe o Ngāti Awa. He whakaaro nō ngā pakeke o Tūhourangi he kore rangatira rawa nō ngā kāwai o Te Hāroto kia moea e ia a Maata, ā, he mea kanga e rātau tō rāua moenga kia kore ai e whai tamariki.

E hia kē nei ā rāua tamariki i whānau mate kē mai, ā, hei āwhina i a rāua, i haere a Maata rāua ko Te Hāroto ki te kite i a Pētera Te Kōhatu o Ngāti Hineuru, arā, ko te hoa mahi ia o te matakite rā, o Te Kooti Arikirangi. Ko tāna i whakatau ai, me ka whānau mai he tamariki, me tuku atu mā ētahi kē e whakatipu mai, ina koa rā te take i riro tamariki whāngai atu ai ā rāua tamariki. I tukuna atu a Eruera ki ōna mātua kēkē, ki a Titihoia Rāwiri Mānuera rāua ko Ākutina Te Urukehu Hīpirini, ko rāua ngātahi nō Warahoe, nō Ngati Hāmua me Ngāti Whare. Ahakoa te pōhara, ka mutu mai i ngā mātua whāngai o Eruera te kaha o te pukumahi, me te pūmau o te hāpai i te Hāhi Ringatū. Kāti koa, kātahi te hūmārie, te aroha me te māhaki o ngā tokorua ko ēnei, he mea ako a Eruera e rāua ki ēnei tikanga.

I kuraina a Eruera i te kura Māori i Te Teko (Te Teko Native School), ā, nō tana whiwhinga i tētahi karahipi mō te rua tau, ka haere ia ki Tīpene (St Stephen’s Native Boys’ School). Ka mutu tana kura i reira, ka whiwhi mahi ia i te pāmu a ngā Wakelin, he whānau e ahu whenua ana i Kamo, ā, nō te tau 1914, i hoki atu ia ki Te Teko. Nā tōna pai ake ki te kōrero Pākehā, ka tīmata a Eruera ki te āwhina i ngā mea o tōna iwi kāre anō kia pakari te reo Ingarihi.

I moea e Eruera a Te Pareake Te Uamairangi Kapua o Ngāi Tamaoki me Ngāti Tarāwhai i Te Teko, i te 13 o Oketopa o te tau 1916. O ā rāua tamariki tekau mā rima, tekau mā tahi i ora; tokoono ngā mea wāhine, tokorima ngā mea tāne.

I a Eruera e whakamātau ana ki te mahi pāmu i ētahi maramara whenua e rua, he mea tuku mai ki a ia e ōna mātua whāngai rātau ko ōna mātua ake, ā, i tua atu i tēnā, ko āna mahi anō he kari wāra, he hanga huarahi, he autaki atu hoki i te rere o ngā wai o ngā repo o Rangitāiki mā te kāwanatanga. I mahi āno hoki ia mā te poari rāpeti o Te Tai Rāwhiti (East Coast Rabbit Board). Nō muri mai ka riro nā te pāmu i whāngai tana whānau e tipu tonu ake nei.

Nō tōna ekenga ki te 28 te pakeke ka noho mai ia hei mema mō te komiti kura o Te Teko mō te whā tekau tau te roa, tekau mā rima hei tiamana. Ko te mea nui rawa atu ki a ia ko te mātauranga, ā, nō reira ka rite tonu tana akiākinga i tōna iwi ki te tuku i ā rātau tamariki ki te kura. I kaha a Mānuera ki te āwhina i ngā mahi a ngā whakanōhanga mātauranga katoa, ka hia kē nei ōna takahitanga atu i te huarahi ki te kura o Tīpene hei pou toko i ngā mahi; ka mutu, ka whakawāteatia atu e ia tōna marae mō ngā wānanga me ngā huihuinga mātauranga. Nō te matenga o tōna whaea tūturu ake i te tau 1929, i whakatenetene te noho mai a Mānuera – te mōrehu o ngā tama i mahue ora mai – hei kaihautū mō te hapū o Te Pahīpoto.

Ki tāna i pono ai me whakawātea atu tōna iwi i ngā tikanga he whakakōroiroi kē te mahi i te haere whakamua o te iwi. Tokoitiiti noa ngā kaumātua e mau ana ki ngā tikanga o mua, i pērā rawa i a ia te takahi i ngā tikanga, koirā i kīia a ia ‘he tangata wāwāhi tahā’. Noho mai ana te nuinga o ana whakarerekētanga ki runga i ana mahi whakahou ake i te tikanga o te takoto o te marae o Kōkōhīnau me ōna whare, ā, whai atu i tēnā ko tana mahi anō ki te hanga papa tākaro, papa purei tēnihi i te marae tonu tae atu ki te hanga whare kai, whare paku, whare horoi ringaringa tōtika ake. Ko tētahi mahi rerekē anō āna ko te whakamau atu i tētahi kūaha ki te tuarongo o te whare nui, me te whakahuri ake i te urupā hei papa kareihe, i mua rā e māheuheu, e mahue noa ana. Ahakoa te ohorere o te hinengaro o ētahi o ōna pakeke ngākau kē, ko tā Eruera anō, he māharahara nōna ki tana iwi te take i pērā ia. Mai i tērā wā, ka hia kē ngā marae kei te whai i tāna.

Ko tētahi atu o āna mahi nui he whakakaha ake i ngā hononga tata i waenganui i ngā tāngata, ahakoa he hapū kē, he iwi kē, he momo iwi kē, he hāhi kē, he rōpū kē, me ngā whakatupuranga rerekē rānei hoki. I oti i a ia te whakauruuru haere i tēnei tikanga ki roto ki ngā momo rōpū ōna pērā i te Hāhi Ringatū, i te kaupapa Kotahitanga, i te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o ngā Komiti Tōpū o Waiariki (Waiariki District Council of Tribal Executives), i te Poari Kaitiaki o Waitangi mō te Motu (Waitangi National Trust Board) me te Rōpū o te Ora (Women’s Health League). Ko tētahi mahi anō āna, ki te whai i te tikanga o Tainui ki te karanga hui Poukai ki tana marae. I mau tonu tana whakaatu i te tikanga rā, ko ia nei hei waha kōrero mō te iwi Māori, ina tae mai ana he manuhiri rangatira ki Whakatāne, haere rānei ia ki ngā hui Māori puta noa i te motu. Āpiti atu ki tēnā i āwhinatia anō e ia te tangata noa, te whānau rānei, ka haere atu nei ko rātau ki te maha noa atu o ngā hui puta noa i te rohe o Te Moana-a-Toi-te-huatahi, i te motu nui rānei. Nā runga i tōna matatau ki te whakahaere i ngā take whenua Māori, ki te tātari hoki i ngā raruraru o ngā tamariki Māori me te ao Māori tonu hoki, i pū ai tōna rongo.

Ahakoa kāre he tangata i tata atu ki a ia te whakapapa, ehara kau ia i te tangata whakahauhau noa nei. Ko tāna kē he pōkai ake i ngā ringaringa o tana hāte ka hou atu ki te mahi ahakoa he aha. E ai ki tāna, hoki atu, hoki atu te kōrero, kia rite tonu te kaha o ngā ringaringa o te tangata ki te kaha o tōna waha. He ngākau iti nōna, me te kore e parahako iho o tana momo kōrero atu ki te tamariki, ngā take i pū ai te aroha o te rangatahi ki a ia. Rite ana te kaha o tana titiro ki te kaha o tana hanga. E hia tau kē nei i mau tonu te karanga i a ia ko te ‘Tangata Nui’ (‘Big Man’), ā, whāia ka pau haere ōna rā ka karanga kētia a ia ko ‘Koro’.

I tino tohungatia a Mānuera ki te whaikōrero. Heoi anō, ehara a ia i te tangata taikaha ki te kōrero, kāore i tohu ki tōna tokotoko, i neke haere rānei i te marae i a ia e kōrero ana. Nā te whai kiko o ana kōrero i mau tonu te whakarongo a te tangata ki a ia. Kitea ana te hōhonu o ōna mātauranga, whakaataria e ia ngā take o ana kōrero, ki te whakataukī, ki te kōrero whakarite, ki te whakapapa me ngā kōrero whakahua o te Paipera. Kīhai ia i ahaaha ki te whakatau ko tēhea te waiata e hāngai ana ki ngā whaikōrero o ngā hui aha noa rā.

He heipū tonu ana kōrero ki te rae o te tangata, ahakoa ki ngā taitamariki tou tere nei i runga i te marae, ki te Kāwana Tianara rānei. I ohorere katoa i a ia ngā iwi i Whakatāne i te pōwhiritanga i a Tā Perenata Whēkihana (Bernard Fergusson) i te tau 1963, i tana meatanga he ‘poko kohua’ noa te kāwanatanga o Aotearoa (kātahi te kōrero hakirara ki te Māori ko tēnei!), ā, ka tono atu ia i te Kāwana Tianara, arā, i te mea ko ia hoki te kanohi o te Kuini, kia whakahokia mai ngā whenua o te Māori, arā, ‘ngā whenua i whānakotia’. Hei ahakoa, i te mutunga iho, piri hoahoa ana a Tā Perenata rāua ko Eruera, ka peka atu ki te kite i a ia i te marae i Kōkōhīnau, ā, nō tōna hokinga ki Ingarangi, ka tuhituhi mai anō ia.

Nō ngā tau pokapū o te tekau tau atu i 1960 i whakatakotoria iho e te kamupene o Tāhimana (Tasman Pulp and Paper Company) he kaupapa hei whakawhiti atu mā Ngāti Awa i te mana o ō rātau whenua i te kōawaawa o Tarawera ki tētehi kamupene hou, ko te īngoa rā ko te kamupene ngahere o Tarawera (Tarawera Forests Limited). Ka mutu ko te utu mā Ngāti Awa ko tētahi wāhi o ngā hua o ngā rākau e tupu mai ana i te whenua. Whakaaetia ana e ngā tāngata whai pānga te take nei i tētehi hui nāna i whakahaere i Kōkōhīnau, ā, nō te tau 1967 i whakamanatia tūturutia e te ture ngahere o Tarawera (Tarawera Forests Act). Kitea rawatia ake, kua riro kē a Pūtauaki (Mt Edgecumbe), ā, mea ake ana tana tino pāpouri i te rironga o tēnei tohu whenua. Pau noa te rua tekau mā rima tau e ngana ana a ia kia whakahokia mai te maunga rā, ēngari, ahakoa āna tono atu ki ngā Minita Māori o aua tau, i te mutunga mai he aha te aha. Nā noa i waiho mai e ia tēnei kōrero, ‘ina koa i ōku tūpuna e kaparangi karekare mai ana i te poho o tō tātau maunga, e kore e taea e au taku moe i te pō, kia hoki tika mai rānō te maunga ki a tātau’. Nō te 15 o Hune o te tau 1990 i mate ai a Eruera Mānuera i Te Teko, 95 ōna tau; nō mua atu te matenga o tōna hoa wahine, arā, nō te tau 1980.

E hia kē nei ngā tohu i ūhia ki a Eruera mō āna mahi mā te iwi; nō te tau 1955 i whakatūria a ia hei mana whakaāio; nō te tau 1974, i whakawhiwhia a ia ki te tohu MBE, me te tohu OBE hoki i te tau 1977; ka mutu, nō te tau 1979, i ūhia a ia e te Whare Wānanga o te Ūpoko o te Ika a Māui (Victoria University of Wellington), ki te tohu hōnore LittD. E ai ki tāna, ko tā te Pākehā he whakahōnore i a ia e ora tonu ana, kāti, ko tā te Māori, kia mate rawa, kātahi anō ōna anō ka tahuri ki te whakanui i a ia. Inarā hoki, i te wā o te tangihanga, maru ana te marae o Kōkōhīnau i ngā mano tini i tae ake ki te whakarangatira i a ia.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

Obit. Daily Post. 16 June 1990: 1

Obit. Whakatane Beacon. 19 June 1990: 1

Pu Kaea No 5 (Sept. 1994): 12–13

The unfolding years, 1937–1987: Women’s Health League. Rotorua, 1988

Pae tukutuku

Te Tai Treaty Settlement Stories: Ngāti Awa

This part of the Te Ara website explores what treaty settlements are, and features a multimedia web story and links to an educational documentary in te reo Māori on the Ngāti Awa settlement. Ngāti Awa are the first iwi to share their story on Te Tai.