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Kōrero: Jones, Pei Te Hurinui

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Ngā whakaahua me ngā rauemi katoa o tēnei kōrero

Jones, Pei Te Hurinui

1898–1976

Nō Ngāti Maniapoto; he manukura, he kaiwhakamārama reo, he āpiha whenua, he kaituhituhi, he kaiwhiringa reo, he tohunga whakapapa

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Bruce Biggs, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1998. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

Hei tama a Pei Te Hurinui Jones mā Daniel Lewis, rāua ko Paretekōrae Poutama o Ngāti Maniapoto. He Pākehā nei tōna pāpā, he toa hokohoko nei tāna. I whānau a Pei i Harataunga (Kennedy's Bay) i te takutai rāwhiti o Moehau (Coromandel Peninsula) i te 9 o Hepetema o te tau 1898. Kāore i roa te whānautanga o Pei, whakarērea ana a Aotearoa e tana pāpā, ā, noho kē atu ana tērā i Ahitereiria. I a Pei e kōhungahunga tonu ana ka riro nā te tipuna kēkē o tōna whaea, nā Te Hurinui Te Wano ia i whāngai, ā, kore rawa i warewaretia e ia ngā tau i pau i a ia i tērā kāinga. He tamaiti i pāngia tonutia e te mate, riro tonu ko ana moemoeā hei patu i a ia, he tohu kawe mate anō hoki ki tōna iwi. Otirā, i te whakamahitanga i a ia ki ngā tikanga pure, tikanga tawhito, mutu tonu atu te pōrarutanga o Pei, ā, paihere tonutia ake ia ki ngā taonga tuku iho a tana taha Māori. Ka nui kē ngā hui i tae ia, hui kaumātua, hui ā-iwi, huihui atu i ngā wāhi maha o te motu.

Nō muri i moea ai e Paretekōrae a Rāwiri (David) Jones, he tangata mahi pāmu, nō Ngāpuhi tōna tātai. Kāti, mau ake ana ngā tamariki i te īngoa matua o tō rātou pāpā whakaangi hei īngoa mō rātou. Ahakoa i kuraina a Pei i te kura tuatahi o Ōngarue, āhua kōhikohiko ana te whakaakoranga i a ia. Nō te tau 1913 i whakaurua atu ia ki Paerata (Wesley College) i Te Tātua (Three Kings) i Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland). Ka mutu mai tana kura i reira, mutu tonu atu tana kura ōkawa.

Nō te tau 1920, i wehe mai ai a Pei i tōna kāinga i Taumarunui ki te noho i te Tari Māori o Whanganui, mahi ai hei kaiwhakamārama reo. Atu i te tau 1928 ka riro i a ia te whakahaere i te mahi whakatōpū i ngā whenua Māori o te Rohe Pōtae (King Country). I te karangatanga o tētehi hui i Te Kūiti hei whiriwhiri i te tautohenga o Ngāti Maniapoto me tētehi mana whakahaere ā-rohe mō ngā rēti, nui ana te whakamīharo o Apirana Ngata ki te pai o te āhua o Pei, me ngā mihi anō a Ngata ki ngā rangatahi o Ngāti Maniapoto e kore ana e pai ki ngā mahi whakatūpatopato haere tonu a ō rātou kaumātua. Hei kōrero ā-reta atu mā Ngata ki a Te Rangi Hīroa (Peter Buck), arā, ki tōna whakaaro, kātahi pea te kaihari kāpara, kaiārahi ko te tangata nei ko Pei Jones; aua atu te whānui o tana titiro, he pūkenga nō te hiranga tuatahi, e tino matatau ana hoki ki ngā kōrero o Te Tai Hauāuru, mārama hoki ki te reo Pākehā. Inarā hoki kei a wai atu te kāpura hei whakahikahika i te whatumanawa o te tangata.

Māhukihuki tonu nei ngā kōrero a Ngata mō Pei, ēngari noho kē ana ko te Kīngitanga te mahi nui āna. Nō mua rawa atu rā nō te tau 1922 i kite ai a Pei i ngā mahi whakakaha atu a Te Puea i te Kīngitanga. Whakapaua ana e Pei te nuinga o ōna rā mō te Kīngitanga, e whakamahi ana i tōna kaha ki ngā reo e rua, me te ngāwari noa ki a ia o te haere i te ao Pākehā me te ao Māori. Noho ake ana ia hei kaitohutohu ki a Te Puea rāua ko Korokī, ki te tamāhine piki tūranga anō hoki a Korokī, ki a Te Ātairangikaahu. I muri mai i te tūtohutanga a te kōmihana a Te Hīmi (Sim Commission) i te tau 1928, ka tika tonu a Waikato kia utua mō te raupatutanga o ō rātou whenua i muri i ngā pakanga o te tekau tau atu i 1860, ka riro i a Pei Te Hurinui te wāhanga nui ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakahaere. Nāna anō hoki i āwhina te mahi hanga mai i te Ture Whakatau Kerēme a Waikato–Maniapoto (Waikato–Maniapoto Claims Settlement Act) o 1946, tautapatia atu hoki ia ki runga ki te Poari Kaitiaki Māori o Tainui (Tainui Māori Trust Board) e Korokī.

Nō te tau 1930 i tū ai a Pei hei kaiwhakauru 'takawaenga' – ko te īngoa tērā o taua wā mō te tū motuhake – ki te Whare Pāremata. I te tūnga o Haami Tokouru Rātana, mutu tonu ana ngā tautoko i kī taurangatia e te Rōpū Rātana i a Pei; kāti, ka tauwehewehe nei te pōti, riro kē ana te tūru i a Te Tāite Te Tomo. Kāore hoki a Pei i toa i 1938, i 1943, ā, pērā anō i te pōti motuhake i 1945 – i riro kē rā te tūru i a Matiu Rātana. Kāre i rerekē te pōti mōna ka tū nei ia hei kaiwhakauru mō te Rōpū Nāhinara o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand National Party) i ngā tau 1957, 1960 me 1963.

I te wā i whakatūria te tuakana o Pei, a Rotohiko Jones i Te Hāwera hei hēkeretari tūmataiti mā te minita Māori i 1940, riro ana te mahi kaiwhiriwhiri, mahi whakamārama reo whai raihana a Rotohiko i a Pei. I te nekenga atu o Pei ki Taumarunui i 1945 ka uru atu ia ki te mahi whakatū i te Kaporeihana o Puketapu, he poro, he mira rākau te mahi i runga i te poraka whenua, 17,620 eka te rahi, kei waenganui i Taumarunui me Tokaanu. Ka mutu, ka whakanōhia ia hei hēkeretari kaiwhakahaere. Taka mai ana ki te tau 1960 ka £736,000 te rahi o ngā moni hua, ā, £480,000 te wāhanga o taua moni i utua ki ngā Māori whai pānga o taua poraka. I kō atu i tēnā, 1,600 eka te rahi o te whenua i mahia hei pāmu hipi. Nō te tau 1960 i hokona atu ai ngā mira me ngā wheketere rākau, me te tikanga anō hoki ki te poro i aua rākau rā, ki te Kamupene Rākau Kauri (Kauri Timber Company) mō te £1,135,000 te utu.

I a ia e taitama tonu ana ka tīmata a Pei ki te tuhituhi whakapapa me ngā kōrero tuku iho a Tainui. Tērā pea ko 'Māhinārangi' tana pānuitanga tuatahi i puta ake rā i roto i te tānga tuatahitanga o Te Wānanga i 1929. Ka rua ngā take i kōrerotia e ia, arā, ko te whakahaere me te whakaotinga atu i te whare nui, i a Māhinārangi i Tūrangawaewae marae, me tana whakahua i te tauwhāingatanga o Tūrongo rāua ko tana tuakana, ko Whatihua, oti atu ki te moenga o Tūrongo i a Māhinārangi, he tapairu nō Te Tai Rāwhiti.

Ahakoa paku noa te kuranga, tōnui kē nei ngā tuhituhi a Pei i te reo Māori, i te reo Pākehā, ā, mihi ana a Ngata ki a ia mō tana whakamāoritanga i Te tangata whai-rawa o Weniti ( Merchant of Venice ). He mea whakamāori anō hoki e ia ko Hūria Hīha ( Julius Caesar ), ko Otēro ( Othello ), me te pukapuka anō a Edward FitzGerald, arā, Ngā rūpai'āha a Oma Kaiama ( Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám ). I te rīpoata tuatahi o te Poari Kaitiaki Māori o Tainui, he mea tuhi tonu i te reo Māori, i whakaatu ia i te āhua o ngā pōauautanga o ngā whiriwhiri a te Karauna rāua ko Waikato. Mō te taha ki ngā rīpoata me ngā mahi kaute ā-tau o te Kaporeihana o Puketapu, i tuhia ēnei e ia i te reo Pākehā, i te reo Māori hoki. Katoa ēnei tuhinga he whakamātauranga nā tētehi tangata i whāngaia mai ki te reo Māori ki te whakakaupapa tōtika mai i ngā whakaaro me ngā ariā o te ao Pākehā i tōna ake reo. Ka nui kē nei ana tuhituhi i pānui, i tāia i te pukapuka o te Rōpū Poronihiana (Polynesian Society) me Te Ao Hou. He matatau nōna ki te reo Māori, i whakatūria ia ki te komiti hei whakahou ake i te pukapuka Māori taki kupu a Te Hāpata (H. W. Williams), whakatūria atu hoki ia ki te poari mātaiwhenua o Aotearoa (New Zealand Geographic Board).

I muri iho i te matenga o Ngata i te tau 1950, ka haere tonu te mahi ētita a Pei Te Hurinui i te kohinga waiata, i Ngā mōteatea, e rua tekau anake o ngā waiata toru rau i oti i a Ngata te whakapākehā. Oti atu hoki i a Pei te mahi whakapākehā, me te mahi ētita hoki, i ngā whakaputanga hou o ngā wāhanga e toru o Ngā mōteatea. I te nuinga o te wā, iti kē ake te whakapākehā ā-kupu a Pei i āna mahi, i wā Ngata.

Mō te taha ki ngā tuhituhinga Māori, ko te mahi a Pei ka noho tonu hei tino taonga tūturu, ko Ngā mōteatea. Kāti, ko ana kōrero mō Kīngi Pōtatau te mahi tino hao nui āna i tuhia ake i te reo Pākehā; tērā pea me kī he kōrero pūrākau kē, kāore i hāngai tika ki ngā tino kōrero mōna. Pērā anō tana mahi whakakotahi mai i ngā rangahau tūturu me ētehi mahi he moemoeā kē nei, te āhua o ngā kōrero mō Māhinārangi me te wahine toikupu rā, me Puhiwahine. Kitea tonutia ana te rerekē o ēnei mahi i ērā o ana tuhituhinga Māori, i kaha tonu tana mau ki te ia o ngā kōrero ā-waha tuku iho.

Ko te mahi tuhituhi i ngā whakapapa me ngā kōrero tuku iho a Tainui te aronga tuatahi, te aronga nui a Pei. Ka nui kē nei ngā puka i oti i a ia te tuhi hei whakamahara māna ki ngā whakatuwheratanga i ngā whare nui i ngā rohe o Tainui me Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Me he tono whakapāpā atu nei tāna ki te kaiwhakaatu, i pēnei tana kōrero, inarā, ka tino tūpato nei ia ki te whakarite i te wāhi me te wā hei kōrero mā rāua; ka tatari kia parohe rawa rāua, kātahi ka tukua noatia atu e ia te pātai whakamārama ake i tētehi āhua o ngā kōrero o mua.

Ko te mutunga mai o te nui o ngā tau i pau i a ia e rangahau ana i ngā kōrero, ko tana pukapuka mō ngā kōrero tuku iho o ngā iwi o Tainui i te reo Māori. I tīmata ake ngā kōrero mō te mahinga o te waka o Tainui me te whakawhitinga mai hoki ki Aotearoa nei, me te wā hoki o ngā tau tīmatanga o te rau tau tekau mā iwa. Kua mate kē atu a Pei ka puta ake te pukapuka nei i te tau 1995, he mea karanga ko Ngā iwi o Tainui. Nō te tau 1936 rā hoki i oti atu i a Pei te tuhi te nuinga o ngā kōrero nei i te reo Pākehā. Tukua noatia ana e ia ana tuhituhi ā-ringa ki a Te Putu (Leslie Kelly), e tono atu ana rā māna e patotuhi. Ka mutu, whakaurua kētia atu ana e Te Putu aua kōrero a Pei ki roto i tāna ake pukapuka, i a Tainui, nō te tau 1949 rā i puta ake ai. Mamae ana te ngākau o Pei i te mahi pērātanga a tērā. Na, kāore i warewaretia ngā rapunga kōrero a Pei mō ngā kete mātauranga o Tainui, ā, tohua ana ia e te Whare Wānanga o Waikato ki te tohu hōnore o te tākutatanga i te tau 1968.

He kaihautū i arongia whānuitia a Pei e te ao Māori. I te tau 1954 i tonoa atu māna e whaikōrero ngā pungarehu a Te Rangi Hīroa. Ko Pei te tuarua o ngā perehitini o te Kaunihera Māori o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Māori Council). Whakanōhia ana hoki ia hei mema mō te Kaunihera Māori ā-Rohe o Maniapoto (Maniapoto District Māori Council) me te kaunihera takiwā tāone (Borough Council) o Taumarunui. He maha hoki ngā komiti me ngā poari Māori i whai wāhi atu ai a Pei. I ngā hui a ngā kaihautū rangatahi i 1939 me 1959 he wāhi nui tonu tōna ki aua hui, ā, nō te tau 1961 i ūhia a ia ki te tohu hōnore OBE.

Āhua pōhēhē ana te tangata te kite atu i te hanga pūhihi, hanga tohunga o te āhua nei o Pei. I a ia e tamariki ana ka uru ia ki te tīma purei whutupaoro o te Rohe Pōtae me Whanganui, ā, atu i ngā tau 1924 ki 1928 i noho ko ia te toa tēnehi o ngā tāne Māori o Aotearoa.

Ka rua nei ngā moe wahinetanga a Pei. Ko tana wahine tuatahi ko Hepina Te Miha, he pouaru (he Teri i mua), i moea e ia ki Te Hāwera i te 16 o Oketopa 1943. Kāore ā rāua ake tamariki, ēngari he mea whāngai e rāua ētehi o ngā tamariki a ō rāua whanaunga. Nō te tau 1956 ka mate a Hepina. I te 6 o Hānuere 1958 ka moe a Pei i a Kate Huia Apatari (he Rangiheuea i mua), he wahine kua mana nei te wehe mai i tana tāne tuatahi, i Te Papa-i-ōia (Palmerston North), ā, kāore hoki ā rāua tamariki. Nō te 7 o Mei 1976 i hinga atu ai a Pei Te Hurinui Jones, mahue ake ana ko tana wahine tuarua me ngā whāngai tokotoru o tana mārenatanga tuatahi. He mea tāpuke ia i te taha o tōna tipuna, o Te Hurinui Te Wano, i te urupā o Te Tokanganui-a-noho marae i Te Kūiti.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Bruce Biggs. 'Jones, Pei Te Hurinui', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1998. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/4j11/jones-pei-te-hurinui (accessed 19 March 2024)