Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Maioha, Hāmiora Wiremu
1888–1963
Nō Ngāpuhi; he kaiwhakamāori, he kaiahu whenua, he kaiārahi hapori
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Angela Ballara, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1996. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.
Ko Ngāi Tawake hapū o Ngāpuhi i roto i Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands) te hapū o Hāmiora Wiremu Maioha. Ko tōna īngoa karanga tonu i ētahi wā ko Hāmi, ēngari ko Tahi ki ōna takatāpui, me 'Sam Maioha Junior' ki ōna hoa umanga Pākehā. Ko ia te tama a Wiremu Tarapīpipi Maioha rāua ko Kariti Toi o Ngāpuhi. Ko tana tupuna kuia nō te kāwei o tōna matua, ko Rīmaumau (Mākere) o Ngāpuhi. I moe taua kuia nei i a Hōne Maioha, te teina (he kaihana) o ngā tuākana nei, o Pātara Te Tuhi rāua ko Hōnana Te Maioha o Ngāti Mahuta o Waikato. I roto i tōna ngare, ka noho teina a Hāre Hongi (H. M. Stowell) ki a ia.
E ai ki ngā whakaatu mai a te whānau, nō te 21 o Hepetema 1888 i whānau ai a Hāmiora Maioha i Waimamaku. I mahue pani mai ia i ngā tau tōmua tonu o tōna whanaketanga, ā, riro ana nā tōna matua kēkē, nā Hāmi (Sam) Maioha pakeke o Te Waimate (Waimate North) a ia i whāngai. I puta ia i te karaehe tuaono o te kura tuatahi, ā, nō muri iho ka haere tonu ana mahi ako. He kaiwhakamāori whai raihana tōna matua kēkē. Ko te whakaaro, tērā pea ko te kaumātua tonu nei tōna kaiwhakaako, ā, nāna anō pea a Hāmiora i ako ki ngā mahi a te kaikaute me ā te kaituhi, tohutohu rawa i a ia kia tōtika tonu te mahi, ā, pērā tonu tōna āhua ā mate noa ia. Nō te tau 1908 ka whiwhi ia i te tohu mātauranga o te kaiwhakamāori karaehe tuarua. Nō te tau 1910 ka riro mai i a ia te tohu mātauranga karaehe tuatahi. Tērā pea, kia kore ai ia e tauwhāinga ki tōna matua kēkē, ka neke pērā ia ki Kaikohe. Atu i 1910 ki 1923, koia tērā te wāhi i whakahaeretia ai e ia tana umanga o te kaiwhakamāori whai raihana.
Ko tana mahi matua he mahi mā ngā umanga rōia, whiti rawa atu ki Ākarana (Auckland). Ko tāna he whakamāori i ngā whakaaetanga ā-pukapuka me ngā kaute mā ā rātou kiritaki Māori. Ko tētahi mahi anō āna kia ngāwari ai te hokonga mai o te whenua Māori, he tiki atu i ngā hainatanga ki ngā whakawhitinga whakaaetanga ā-pukapuka me ngā whakakapi mō ngā hokonga. He mahi anō nāna te whakarite rīhi, ā, haere rawa ai i ētahi wā ki ngā kōti whenua Māori i Whāngārei, i Ākarana rānei. He tini ngā papatu whakaaro, āe rānei mā te umanga rōia e utu tana utu, mā te kiritaki kē rānei. Ko te tau 1916 te wā i uru atu a ia hei mema mō te Rōpū Kaiwhakamāori Whai Raihana o Niu Tīreni (Licensed Interpreters Association of New Zealand). He rōpū hou tēnei kātahi tonu ka whakaūkia.
Huhua noa atu ngā āhua mahi i mahia ai e Hāmiora Maioha. He kaitākaro ā-rohe a ia mō te tākaro whutupaoro, te tēnehi me te kirikiti, ā, ko ia tētahi nāna i āwhina te tīmatatanga o te tīma whutupaoro rohe Māori o Te Tai Tokerau (North Auckland Native Representative Rugby Team). Atu i 1916, ka noho ko ia te tiamana o te Komiti o te Kura Māori o Kaikohe. I taua tau anō ka whakatūria a ia hei kaitatau tuarua mō te kautenui. E mōhiotia ana i a ia taua tūnga mō ngā kautenui ā tae noa ki 1939. Atu i 1916, ko ia te kairēhita mō ngā whānautanga me ngā matenga Māori o Kaikohe, me te kairēhita mō ngā penihana. He tini ōna tūranga kaitiaki i ngā karapu tākaro me ngā rōpū whakangahau.
Ka tata ki te tau 1915, ka moea e Hāmiora Maioha a Te Aira (Ida) Te Nana, i Te Waimate. Ko te īngoa o Te Aira ki tōna whānau ko Rewa. He wahine pūwhero a ia nō roto o Ngāi Tawake. He mokopuna nā Īhaka Te Tai Hakuene. Nā Īhaka ko Kiritapu, he tamāhine, ā, nāna ko Te Aira. He hononga whanaungatanga tō Rewa ki ngā ngare o Te Pātū me Te Rarawa. Nā Rewa i tupu ai te aro atu o Hāmiora ki te moutere o Moturua, ā, whakaritea ana e ia tētahi rīhi mā Rewa me ōna whanaunga i te tau 1916.
Nō te tau 1917 i pānuitia ai e Hāmiora Maioha te kōrero a Ngāpuhi whānui ki ngā mema Pāremata e amio ana i Te Tai Tokerau. I whakauru atu ia ki roto ki te hīnota Māori o te Hāhi Mihinare, ā, atu i taua wā i tīmata ai tana mematanga wā-roa i runga i te wēteri o Paihia. Nāna anō hoki i whakahaere te kōnohete a te rōpū waiata, ko te Kaikohe Māori Minstrels te īngoa. Heoi, nō Pēpuere o 1918, ka makere mai ia i te katoa o ōna tūranga kaitiaki, ka tukua e ia tana umanga ki tana matua kēkē. Kātahi ia ka whakauru atu ki te puni hōia o Māwaihākona (Trentham Military Camp) ki roto ki te ope taua o Ngāpuhi, ko rātou nei ngā hōia whakamutunga o Ngāpuhi ki te haina mō te Pakanga Tuatahi. Tata ana ngā marama e whā te pau, ka puta ia i te whakamātautau mō te tohu āpiha. He ruarua noa iho nei ngā Māori e whakaāpihatia ana, ā, nekehia ana a ia ki te puni whakawai rākau i Narrow Neck, i Takapuna i Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland) i te Hune o taua tau. Ko āna mahi i a ia i reira ā tae noa ki te mutunga o te pakanga, ko ērā a te haihana meiha.
I te mutunga o te pakanga, ka hoki a Maioha ki Kaikohe. I reira, ka tīmataria anō e ia tana umanga, ā, pīkauria ana e ia ētahi kawenga hou. Ko 1921 te tau i noho ai ko ia te karaka o te tāone o Kaikohe, ā, i riro mai i a ia te raihana a te kaihoko whenua (ēngari, tukua ana e ia i te paunga o te tau). Nō te tau 1925 me ngā tini pōtitanga o muri mai, ko ia te āpiha whakahaere pōti tuarua mō te rohe pōti Māori o Te Tai Tokerau.
I neke rātou ko tōna whānau ki te moutere o Moturua i te tau 1923, he tūmanako pea nōna, arā, mā te mahi ahu whenua e whakarahi ake āna whiwhinga moni, ā, kia taea ai e ia te whakaheke iho ngā nama rēti a tana wahine. He rite tonu tana torotoro atu i Te Rāwhiti i te tuawhenua. E whakahaeretia tonutia ana e ia āna mahi whakamāori me ētahi atu o āna umanga i tētahi tari i reira. Piki ai, heke ai te tokomaha o ngā tāngata o tōna whāmere, arā, ko tana wahine, ā, he wā anō, ko tōna hungawai wahine, ko ngā tamariki tokorua me ērā anō o ōna whanaunga i reira. Ka uru mai ki āna mahi ērā o te whakatō me te hauhake i ngā hua whenua hei oranga noatanga mō rātou, ā, hei hoko anō hoki, ki te tiaki i ngā kararehe (i puta mai te nuinga o āna moni i te kirīmi, ā, i ētahi wā, i te wūru), ki te tiki wahie, ki te raima i ngā huanui me te hī ika. Toro atu ai ia i te tuawhenua ki āna mahi ā-tari, ki ngā hui, ki ngā kanikani o te hau kāinga, ki ngā tākaro tēnehi, korowha, me ngā pikiniki. He mea whakamīharo tana oha ki te tangata, ahakoa tata kau tonu te raruraru o āna moni.
Nō te Hānuere o 1924, ka whakatūria a Hāmiora Maioha hei mema mō te Kaunihera o Pēwhairangi (Pēwhairangi Māori Council). I roto i tēnei tūranga ōna, ka taka mai ki raro ki tana mana whakahaere ngā tū momo marae komiti katoa, ā, i whakaritea a ia hei kaiwhakawā hei whakarongo i ngā tautohe a ngā Pākehā ki ngā Māori o ngā hau kāinga e pā ana ki te taputapu, ki ngā mahi takahi iti i te ture, ki ngā mahi whakatutū i te puehu rānei. Ko te kawenga ake a te kaunihera ko tērā o te uta whaina mō te takahanga i ngā tikanga akuaku, mō te whakahaere i te ture tāke kurī, me te rēhita i ngā whānautanga me ngā matenga Māori. I rite anō ki āna mahi o mua rā te kaha me te ngākau whakapuke o Hāmiora ki te mahi i te katoa o ēnei mahi āna, tae atu hoki ki tana noho hei tiamana mō te komiti marae o Te Rāwhiti atu i Tīhema o 1924. I ētahi wā, ka tono ia kia whakahokia mai te utu mō āna utunga raruraru. Heoti, nā te mea ko ngā whaina me ngā tāke kurī anake te whiwhinga pūtea a te kaunihera, he wāhanga noa iho i utua ki a ia.
Nō taua tau, nō 1924 anō, a Hāmiora ka pōtitia hei tiamana mō te Komiti o te Kura Māori o Te Rāwhiti, ā, i meatia a ia hei mema mō te Poari Whakahaere Putu Paoro Mō te Taha Māori (Māori Advisory Board) o te Kotahitanga Whakahaere o ngā Mahi Pūtu Paoro Rakapī o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Rugby Football Union). Nāna i āwhina te kōwhiri i ngā kaitākaro Māori mō ngā hāereerenga i Aotearoa nei, me tāwāhi hoki, ā, i whakatūria ia hei māngai torotoro i te hui ā-tau a te Kotahitanga i Pōneke (Wellington). E pūmau tonu ana tana whakauru atu ki ngā whakataetae tauwhāinga tēnehi, ā, i tae a ia ki te tauwhāinga rapu toa ā-tau a te rōpū tēnehi Māori o Aotearoa (New Zealand Māori Lawn Tennis Association).
Nā ngā mahi a Hāmiora Maioha mā te Māori me tana mematanga i roto i te rōpū Meihana (Freemasons), nā reira i whakatiketike ake tana tūranga i roto i te ao Pākehā; kāhore e kore i whai painga a ia nā runga i ana whakapāpātanga atu ki ngā kaiumanga Pākehā o roto o taua rōpū Meihana rā. Hei whakamihi ki ana pūmanawa mō te whakahaere, ka whakatūria a ia ki te tūranga tiketike rawa o te rangatira kahurangi (Worshipful Master) mō ngā mema o te Whare Meihana o Kororāreka, i te tau 1936. I taua tau anō ka noho ko ia hei piki tūranga mō Hōri Tāne ki te tūru tiamana o te Kaunihera o Pēwhairangi. He mea tauhou te whakauru atu a te Māori ki te rōpū Meihana i taua wā, ā, he mea whakamīharo rawa atu kia whakatūria he Māori ki te tūranga nui rawa o te Whare Meihana. He wā anō, i pono mārika tonu a Maioha ki āna mahi Meihana, ēngari, tau rawa ki 1938 kua ngoikore haere tana kaingākau.
Tinitini ana te wā e tonoa ana a ia hei kaiwhakamāori i ngā kōrero a ngā ope rangatira e torotoro atu ana. Ko te tino hui o aua hui nei ko tērā o Pēpuere o 1934. He hui nui whakaharahara e whakanui ana i te takoha a Rōre Bledisloe ki te motu, arā, o te papa mō te whare o te Tiriti o Waitangi, me te whakatūranga i te kōhatu tūāpapa o tētahi whare nui i runga i taua wāhi. Ko Maioha tonu i tohua hei kaipānui, ā, hei kaiwhakahaere hoki. I ngā wiki e rua o te hui, ahakoa te heke a te ua me te rere a te paoa, ko ia tēnā e pararē nā i ngā pānuitanga mā roto i tana taputapu whakanui reo. E 5,000 ngā tāngata noho tēneti hei atoato māna mō te roanga ake o tā rātou noho, ā, hei tāpiri atu ki te hunga noho tēneti, neke atu i te 5,000 anō i tae atu i te rā ake o te hui.
E whia tau kē nei a Maioha e tuhituhi atu ana ki tana kaihana toronga, ki te tumu kōrero nei, ki a Te Putu (Leslie G. Kelly), ki te tohutohu i ngā whakapapa me ngā take o namata ki tērā. Nō te tau 1935 ka whakaorangia mai e Maioha te whare wānanga o Ngāpuhi. He mea whakakaupapa anō hoki tētahi nūpepa Māori. He maha ngā tāngata i mate i taua tau. Ko te kī a te hau kāinga, nā ngā mahi whakawhitinga whakaaro e pā ana ki ngā mahi tapu, te take i mate ai rātou, ā, i ora poto noa iho ai taua whare wānanga. Heoi anō nā taua mahi whakaoranga āna i ngāwari ai te tahuri atu ki ngā whakatakahanga mō te hui o 1940 e whakanui ana i te huringa Rau Tau o Niu Tīreni. Kua takoto noa mai i te tau 1937 te whakarite kia tāraia tētahi waka, ā, i whakatūria a Maioha hei mema mō te komiti whakahaere i ngā mahi i te wā e whakanuitia ai te rā o Waitangi.
Kātahi te mea rerekē ko tēnei, arā, i te wā e tino kaha ana tōna awe – ko tana tūmanako kia noho ko ia hei whakakapi mō Tau Hēnare, te Mema Māori o te Pāremata mō Te Tai Tokerau, ā, i tū ki te whaikōrero i te hui a ngā Rangatahi Māori (Young Māori Conference) i Ākarana i te tau 1939 – kua tino kaha haere rawa atu tana ngākau kore nā runga i tana kore whiwhi mahi e utua ana. I te wā o te ngahorotanga kīhai i puta tētahi hua i tana umanga kaiwhakamāori, i ana mahi ahu whenua rānei. He wā poto a ia e kohikohi whakamōhiotanga ana mō te pukapuka mapi kōrero tūturu i whakakaupapatia mō te hui rau tau. He wāhi nui tonu tāna i roto i ngā mahi ki te whakanui i te rā o Waitangi me Pēwhairangi. Nō te mutunga o ngā mahi whakanui, ka takahia whānuitia e ia te nuku o Te Tai Tokerau ki te kōrero rātou tahi ko ngā kaumātua, mō ngā mea e pā ana ki ngā īngoa wāhi o te hau kāinga. Nō Mei o 1940 a ia ka uru atu ki roto i te Tari Rau Tau (Centennial Branch) i Pōneke. Heoi anō, nō muri mai i Ākuhata o 1940, tata ana ngā mahi mapi te whakamutua rawatia atu i te tīmatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Ka haina a Maioha i a ia hei mema mō ngā kaimahi wā poto a Tūmatauenga. I uru atu ia ki te puni hōia o Papakura i Hune o 1941. He mahi karaka tari tana mahi i reira, ā, tau rawa ki te Hūrae o 1950, kātahi anō a ia ka whakawāteatia.
Ko te mutunga iho i hoki a Hāmiora Maioha ki Pēwhairangi, ēngari, kīhai ki te moutere o Moturua, kua tangohia kētia rā hoki i te wā o te pakanga mō te kaupapa ārai i te hoariri. Kua hau i āianei tana rongo kaumātua; i ōna tau whakamutunga ko te huarahi o Brind i Kororāreka (Russell) tana kāinga noho, ā, kore rawa nei i mutu āna mahi. Ko ia tētahi o te hunga kaitiaki me te hēkeretari o te Poari Kaitiaki o Waitangi me Te Tī (Waitangi Te Tī Bay Trust Board), me te hēkeretari o te Komiti Kaitiaki o te Motu mō ngā Rāhui Māori o Waitangi (Waitangi National Māori Reserve Trustees Committee), me tērā o ngā kaiwhakahaere ā-iwi o Kawakawa (Kawakawa Tribal Executive). Nā aua tūranga ōna i noho ai, nāna i whakahaere te whakanuinga o te Rā o Waitangi me ngā tū momo mahi ā-iwi. Taro ake, ka whakatūria a ia hei tiamana mō te Kaunihera Takiwā mō ngā komiti ā-iwi o Te Tai Tokerau (Tai Tokerau District Māori Council of Tribal Committees), ā, nō mua tata mai i tana matenga ka tohua a ia hei mema mō te Kaunihera Māori o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Māori Council). I whakawhiwhia a ia ki te tohu o te Emepaea o Peretānia (OBE) i ngā whakahōnoretanga o te Tau Hou o 1963. Ko te tikanga e tūtaki ana ia ki a Kuini Erihāpeti Te Tuarua i Waitangi i te 6 o Pēpuere o taua tau, ēngari, i mate ohorere a ia i te hōhipera o Pēwhairangi i Kawakawa i te 30 o Hānuere. He ikura roro te mate i hemo ai. I nehua a ia ki Kororāreka i te 1 o Pēpuere. Ko tana hoa wahine kē, ko Rewa te mea i tūtaki ki te Kuini i te 6 o Pēpuere.
He tangata pūkenga, he tangata tino mōhio ki te tuhituhi me te pānui pukapuka, ā, he pū kōrero a Hāmiora Maioha i roto i ngā reo me ngā tikanga ā-iwi e rua. He tangata ahurei i roto i te ao Māori me te ao Pākehā ngātahi. Nā tōna tūranga ngārahu me tana pūmanawa ki te whakamāori i noho ai ia hei kaitakawaenga whakahirahira i waenganui i te Māori me te Pākehā mō tētahi wā, neke atu i te 50 tau te roa.