Whārangi 1: Haurongo
Hēnare, Taurekareka
1877/1878?–1940
Nō Ngāpuhi; he kaihautū, he kaitōrangapū
I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Robin C. McConnell, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1996. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.
He kaihautū a Taurekareka (Tau) Hēnare nō Ngāpuhi, ā, nāna i whakapau ōna kaha ki te toko i te ora, ki te puri i te mana whenua, i te ahurea me te mātauranga o tōna iwi. Ko tōna īngoa tuatahi he īngoa nō tētahi o ōna tūpuna o Ngāti Whātua me Ngāpuhi. I huānga anō ia ki ngā toa whawhai, ki a Kawiti, ki a Patuone, ki a Tāmati Wāka Nene me Hōne Heke. Ēngari, e tino tata kē ana ia ki tōna hapū, ki a Ngāti Hine. He uri whakaheke ia nō Rāhiri, he tino tupuna nō ngā iwi katoa o Te Tai Tokerau, ā, he pākanga whakapapa anō tōna ki a Hineāmaru, te wahine tapairu o Ngāti Hine. He kāwai pānga anō ōna ki ngā iwi o Waikato, o Ngāti Porou me Te Arawa.
E ai ki tētahi kōrero, ko Hēnare Wynyard, te pāpā o Tau Hēnare, he tama nā Robert Henry Wynyard, te kāwana whakakapi o Aotearoa i ngā tau mai i 1854 ki 1855. I moe a Hēnare Wynyard i a Pane Peeni, he uri nō ngā tūpuna o runga i Ngā-toki-mata-whao-rua me Mātaatua waka. I te mahi pāmu tana pāpā i Pīpīwai, i Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands), ka whānau a Tau Hēnare ki reira i te tau 1877, 1878 rānei. E tamariki tonu ana, ka tangohia e ia te īngoa Karaitiana o tana pāpā hei īngoa whānau mōna. Kei ngā whakamārama a tōna whānau, ko te take i pērā ai, ko te wenewene o rātou ki tō rātou tupuna, ki a Robert Wynyard mō āna mahi i Ruapekapeka i te wā o ngā whawhai ki a Kawiti i te tau 1846.
Kāore a Tau Hēnare i tae ki ngā kura Pākehā kuraina ai. E tamariki tonu ana, ka haria e Wī Pere rāua ko tana wahine ki Te Tai Rāwhiti; ka atawhaitia e rāua mō ētahi tau torutoru i mua o tana hokinga ki Te Tai Tokerau; e ai ki tētahi kōrero, he mataku nōna kei taumautia ia. He mea āta whakaako ia ki ngā tikanga Māori tae atu ki ngā toi kōrero me ngā tikanga pono anō a Ngāti Hine. Kāore tonu i roa, kua hau ōna rongo mō ōna mōhiotanga hei waoko, me te toa hoki ōna ki te mau toki. I te wā o tona taiohitanga, pārekareka ana ki a ia te tākaro tēnehi me te whutupaoro, ā, e mau tonu ana tana painga ki ēnei tākaro, ā pakeke noa ia. Tokotoru ngā tuākana, tēina rānei (he whaea kē o te tokotoru nei) o tana matua i uru ki te tīma whutupaoro Māori o Aotearoa (New Zealand Native Football Team) i te tau 1888–1889 i te whakataetaetanga ki Ingarangi, ki Ahitereiria me Aotearoa. Nō te 17 o Hānuere o te tau 1903, i Whāngārei, ka moe a Tau Hēnare i a Hera Paerata, he tamāhine nā Ritihia rāua ko John (Johan) Subritzky, he tangata whai nō Pōrana. I pā a Hera ki a Te Aupōuri, ki a Te Rarawa me Ngāti Kahu i runga i ngā toronga o tōna whaea.
Nō te wā i a ia e mahi pāmu ana i Mōtatau me te mira rākau i reira, ka whakawherea ia e ētahi kaumātua tokotoru o Te Uri Taniwha kia tū hei māngai mō te rohe pōti ki te Whare Pāremata. Pōtitia ana ia ki te tūru Māori mō Te Tai Tokerau i te tau 1914, ki te taha o te Rōpū Riwhōma (Reform Party). I taua tau anō, ka tautokona e Tau Hēnare te kāwanatanga a Te Maahi (William Massey), ā, i toa ai, nā te paku nui ake o ngā pōti i whiwhi ai rātou.
Kāore kau noa iho a Hēnare i tino whaiwhai rawa i ngā kōrero taupatupatu i te Pāremata, ā, ina kōrero he tangata nāna i whakamāori i ana kōrero. He tangata ia i pukumahi i roto i te iwi, ā, i mahi tahi rātou ko ngā kaiārahi Māori pērā i a Apirana Ngata mā. I whakamihi rawa atu a Ngata ki a ia, he kite nōna kua taea e Hēnare te whakakotahi ngā awe o ngā tikanga tuku iho a te ao Māori, me te kaha tika ōna ki te whakaū i ngā whakarerekētanga, e whai tūnga, angitu ai te Māori, pērā i tō te Pākehā. Nā te mea he hoa piri rāua ko Te Puea Hērangi, i kotahi ai ngā iwi o Tainui ki Waikato me ngā iwi o Te Tai Tokerau.
Nō te wā o te Pakanga Tuatahi, i whakahē a Hēnare mō te māperetanga i te Māori i runga i te mōhiotanga, e kore a Ngāpuhi e whakatenetene ki te haere atu ki te mura o te ahi. Ko tana kī, mā te oati ki te whakahoki i ngā whenua i murua noatia, tērā pea a Waikato rāua ko Taranaki, e whakakorikori ki te ohu mai. I puta anō i a Hēnare ōna āwangawanga mō te hunga o 'Āteria', arā, ngā Tararā (Dalmatians) – arā, koia te īngoa o taua wā mō te iwi rā – e taki heke atu ana ki Te Tai Tokerau, e whara ana ko ngā hōia Māori kei tāwāhi kē. Ko te mate hoki, raru kē ana ko te oranga o ngā hōia i te hunga kairapa, e whakamātau ana ki te hoko mai i ō rātou whenua i te wā e ngaro ana rātou. Ka mutu te Pakanga, ka ngana a Hēnare ki te āwhina i te whakanohonoho i ngā hōia Māori. I te tau 1918, i tahuri rātou ko ōna pakeke ki te tiaki i ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te mate urutā rewharewha i tō rātou kāinga i Te Tai Tokerau; ko tētahi o ngā ika ko tana wahine tonu, ko Hera.
Mārama ana te kitea o te kaha o Hēnare ki te manaaki i te whanaketanga o te Māori i roto i ngā take i puta i āna whaikōrero. Kei tāna, me tuku ngā kura Māori ki raro i te mana o te minita, kauaka ki raro i ngā poari mātauranga. I te tau 1923, ka whakahēngia e ia he pire hei rāhui i ngā mahi tio mō te kotahi tau; ko tāna hoki i tohe, kei takahia e te pire rā te Tiriti o Waitangi. Nō te whakapaitanga a te minita mō ngā take Māori, a Te Kōti (Gordon Coates) i te Tari Māori, ka tautokona e ia. He kite nōna kua tupu haere te kaha tōrangapū o te kaupapa Rātana i ngā tau tekau atu i 1920 me 1930, ka ātetetia e ia. I waimarie ia i a Whina Kupa (Cooper) rāua ko tana tāne ko Wiremu hei āwhina i a ia i āna mahi e pā ana ki tana rohe pōti.
Nō te tau 1932, nō te wā i tukua e te Kāwana Tianara rāua ko tōna hoa wahine, ko Reiri Bledisloe, te kāinga i Waitangi me te 1,000 eka hei koha ki te motu, nā reira i whakaū ngā mahi a Hēnare i mahi ai mō tōna iwi. Kātahi ka ara ake anō te haka, te waiata, ngā tikanga tawhito me te whaikōrero ki te rohe o te raki; whakatūria ana e Hēnare he kura whakairo i Mōtatau, oti ana ngā poupou mō te whare nui i Waitangi. He mea hari mai ki reira ngā tohunga whakairo o ērā atu o ngā rohe. Nō te whakatapunga o te kōhatu tūāpapa i Waitangi i te tau 1934, 6,000 ngā tāngata i tae atu. I tangi kau a Hēnare ki te āwhina a Te Tai Tokerau i te rā; ko te take, i a ia ka tū hei mema mō te poari kaitiaki o Waitangi mō te motu (Waitangi National Trust Board), i riro ko ia tonu te tino kaiwhakahaere i ngā mahi.
Nā runga i te mahi whakairo i ngā poupou i Waitangi, i pā ai te ariā o Tau Hēnare ki te hunga whakairo o ngā iwi kē. Hoki rawa ngā maharatanga ki a ia i te mea he tangata tino rahi (inā kē te nui o te tupu), āta haere noa (he pāngia nōna e te mate huka), he reo kaha, he wairua nēnene. He māmā noa iho ki a ia te kawe i te tikanga kākano rua, ā, kei te mārama tonu te tangata ki āna kōrero paki. Tērā anō pea he kore hua nō aua kōrero i taua wā rā, ēngari nō te hokinga kētanga o ngā whakaaro i kitea ai te whakareitanga o te mōhiotanga o te hunga e whakarongo ana.
Nā Paraire Paikea i taka mai ai a Tau Hēnare i te Whare Pāremata i te tau 1938. Nō te 12 o Hānuere o te tau 1940, ka mate a Tau Hēnare i te kāinga o tōna whānau i Mōtatau. Tokoono āna tamariki tāne, tokorua āna mea wahine i mahue ki muri i a ia. Nō te matenga, manawa whītiki ana ngā mihi aroha a te Māori me te Pākehā ki a ia; i pai te whakaritenga a Ngata i a ia ki ngā kaihautū o taua wā. Ko ētahi o āna tamariki ko Ihapera (Bella) Taua, he pou i roto i te Rōpū Wāhine Toko i te Ora (Māori Women's Welfare League), rāua ko Tā Hēmi (James) Hēnare, te tumuaki o te Ope Taua 28 (Māori) o Niu Tīreni (28th New Zealand (Māori) Battalion) o te Pakanga Tuarua; nō muri i te whawhai, ka noho ia hei tino kaihautū mō te iwi Māori. Tokohia kē nei o āna mokopuna, nuku noa atu i te 40 te tokomaha, kua tae ki ngā taumata; i uru atu rā tana mokopuna tuarua a Tau Hēnare hei mema Pāremata mō Te Tai Tokerau i te tau 1993.