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Kōrero: Te Ahiko, Rāniera

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Te Ahiko, Rāniera

?–1894

Nō Ngāi Te Upokoiri, nō Ngāti Kahungunu; he tumu kōrero

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Patrick Parsons, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1993. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

I whānau a Te Ahiko i ngā tau muringa o te rau tau 1700–1799, i te tīmatanga rānei o te rau tau 1800–1899. Ko Taumata‑ō-hē pā i te pūrua o ngā awa o Mangatahi, o Maraekākaho me Ngaruroro i Heretaunga. Nō Te Uamairangi, nō te rangatira o Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri, rāua ko tana tamaiti, ko Tūhotoariki, tēnei pā. E noho ana ngā mātua o Rāniera i raro i te mana o Te Uamairangi. Nō Ngāti Mahuika, he hapū nō Ngāti Kahungunu a Te Kere; nō Ngāti Uranga a Pungarehu. Kei Ōhiti, kei Rūnanga moana, kotahi māero i runga ake i Ōmāhu mā te awa o Ngaruroro, ngā whenua tupuna o te whānau. I Whanga-i-tete, he motu kei Rūnanga moana, a Rāniera mō tētahi wāhanga o tōna taitamarikitanga.

He iwi kaitaua toa a Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri, ā, i tupu a Rāniera i waenganui i a rātou. He maha ngā pakanga i kitea ā-kanohitia e ia. I tino mōhio ia ki ō rātou punanga i Ruahine, i ngā hikuawa o Ngaruroro. I muri i ngā pakanga ki a Ngāti Kahungunu, ki a Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti i Mangatoetoe, ki a Ngāti Kahungunu, ki a Ngāti Kurapare i Kirikiritatangi, ka noho a Rāniera i a Ngāti Hinepare i Te Korea, i Mangaone, e tata ana ki Dartmoor. I reira, i tētahi wā i mua atu i te tau 1820, ka tae te marau a Tangiteruru rāua ko Te Peehi Tūroa ki Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke's Bay). I hui mai ngā iwi kāinga ki Te Rae-o-Tahumata, e tata ana ki Ōmāhu, i raro i te maru o Whakatō rāua ko Pakapaka. I noho hui rātou, ā pahure noa ngā hoariri.

I te matenga o Te Uamairangi ka tū tana mokopuna a Te Wanikau hei rangatira aporei. Neke atu i te toru tekau tau e ōrite ana te haere o ngā piki me ngā heke o te ao o Te Wanikau rāua ko Rāniera. Nā ōna mōhiotanga, mātauranga hoki ki ngā tāhuhu kōrero o te iwi, ka whakaaro nuitia ia, ā, ka riro ia hei pūkōrero mō te iwi e noho nei ia i te taha, mō Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri.

I te tau 1820 i awhi huakore a Ngāti Tūwharetoa me Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri i te pā o Ngāti Kahungunu, arā, i te motu i Te Roto-a-Tara, e tata ana ki Pukehou. I whakatahi a Ngāti Te Ūpokoiri ki roto o Pātea, i Rangitīkei ki uta, ā, i haere hoki a Rāniera rāua ko Te Wanikau ki te toro i ōna whanaunga i te Roto-a-Ira (Rotoaira). I reira ka moe ia i te tuahine o Te Wanikau; kāore he tamariki i puta ki a rāua. I muri mai, ka moe a Rāniera i a Hokepera, nō Ngāti Hinepare me Ngāti Hikawera. Kotahi tā rāua tamaiti. Nō te tau 1823 ka hinga te ope tuarua o Ngāti Tūwharetoa me Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri i te ope tōpū o Ngā Puhi, o Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti me Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Whiti-o-Tū i te hikuwai o Waipāwa. Kotahi tau i noho taurewa a Rāniera rātou ko te whānau i Pohokura i uta i ngā maunga. I haere tonu a Te Wanikau me Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki Taupō, ā, i muri mai ka mauria a Rāniera e Te Rarotāwhana ki reira.

Nō te tau 1824, pea, i haere a Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri ki Kapiti ki te hoko pū mō tētahi waitaua anō. Ka oti, ka haere me Te Momo-a-Irawaru ki Te Roto-a-Tara. Ka hinga te parekura a Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri me Ngāti Raukawa. Ka punanga ngā rangatira i ora ki Ruahine ki te rāwhiti, ki a Rāniera i noho kē atu rā i te kāinga. Ka rewa ā rātou taua ngaki mate ki Poukawa, ki Kairākau hoki. Ka mutu, ka haere atu rātou ki Te Kurīpākā i Manawatū, ki a Tīweka rāua ko Takore, he rangatira nō Rangitāne. I muri mai ka tae mai hoki a Te Wanikau.

Nō ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1840 ka mate a Te Wanikau, ā, i te marama o Pēpuere i te tau 1850, e ai ki te tuhinga a Te Koreneho (William Colenso), i haere ngā rangatira o Heretaunga ki tōna hahunga. I konei ka tonoa a Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri e Kurupō Te Moananui o Ngāti Kahungunu kia hoki mai ki Heretaunga. I whakaaetia e Rāniera, me te tono ki a Pāora Kaiwhata, rangatira o Ngāti Hinepare, kia takahia mai he mahinga kai māna ki Ōmihi, i Ngaruroro awa. I hoki tahi rāua ko tana whanaunga ko Āperahama Kaipipi i te Ākuhata o 1850.

Nō te tau 1850 i haere a Rēnata Kawepō, te rangatira i muri mai i a Te Wanikau, ki te tiki i ōna mōrehu i Manawatū. I hoki mai ētahi o rātou ki te noho puni i Pokonao e tata ana ki te teihana mīhana a Te Koreneho. E rua tau pea rātou i reira, ā, kātahi ka hiki atu a Rāniera i Ōmāhu. E rua anō ngā hekenga o te toenga o Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri ki Ōmāhu. Ko tētahi i 1853, ko tētahi anō i 1861. I te tau 1857 ka pakanga tahi a Rāniera rātou ko Te Moananui me Rēnata Kawepō ki a Te Hāpuku; nāna i hokona ai ō rātou whenua. Ka hinga a Te Hāpuku i Te Pakiaka, ā, ka neke a Rāniera ki Ngāhape, i waenganui i Ōmāhu me te teihana o Crissoge. E toru tekau tau ia e noho ana i reira. Nāna tōna kāinga i Ōmāhu i hoatu ki tana tamāhine irāmutu, ki a Hoana Pakapaka rāua ko tana tāne, ko Te Waata Rākaiwerohia. I haere rāua ko Kawepō ki Pātea ki uta, kia mātau ai tērā ki ngā whenua kua taka ki raro i tōna mana rangatira.

Nō te tekau tau mai i 1860, he tini ngā āhuatanga rerekē i kite a Rāniera i Te Matau-a-Māui: kua tū te mira parāoa i Paherumanihi; he nui te whenua i hokona ki te Pākehā, ā, e tutū ana te puehu ki te Hauhau. Ko te mea tino whai tikanga rawa atu, ko te urunga atu o Rāniera ki te Kōti Whenua Māori hei kaiwhakaatu pūkenga. He wā tino whai hua, whai uaratanga hoki mōna. He tere tōna taunga ki ngā tikanga tauhou o te Kōti, ā, ka whai nā tēnā kēhi i tēnā kēhi, ka tupu tōna rongonui i te mea i a ia ngā kōrero tuku iho o tua whakarere. He kaiwhakaatu ia mō Pukehāmoamoa i te tau 1880, ā, mai i 1884 ki 1893 he kaiwhakaatu ia mō Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri me ōna hapū i te nuinga o ngā kēhi o Pātea ki uta. Kei roto i āna kōrero e pā ana ki Ōwhāoko, ki Mangaohane, ki Awarua hoki, ngā tāhuhu kōrero o Ngāi Te Ūpokoiri.

I tīmata te kēhi mō Ōmāhu i te Hūrae o 1889. Ko Rāniera te tino kaiwhakaatu i te wā i whakahētia ai e Airini Tōnore (Donnelly) rāua ko Wī Paratene (Broughton) ngā taonga i tukua iho e Kawepō. Ko Airini te mokopuna a te tuahine o Kawepō, a Ērena Mekemeke. Ko Wī Paratene hoki he whanaunga nō Kawepō. I tonoa kia hiki te kōti ki te kāinga o Rāniera kia rongohia ana whakaaturanga. I kīia nā tana māuiui me te koroheketanga – tērā pea e kore ia e uru anō ki roto ki tēnei kōti. I kī pēnei te whakaaturanga a te whakataunga mō Rāniera – he kaiwhakaatu hinengaro hihiko, ā, he tino mōhio ki ngā tāhuhu kōrero o tēnei whenua. Ahakoa kua mate kē, i te kōrerotia tonutia āna whakaaturanga i roto i te kōti. Nā Ānaru Te Wanikau te tino whakarāpopototanga pai mōna, i puta i roto i āna whakaaturanga mō te kēhi o Timahanga, – kei a Rāniera te mutunga mai o te mātauranga; he tika āna whakaatu. I hinga a Rāniera Te Ahiko i Ōmāhu, e ai ki te whakaaro, i te 17 o Āperira 1894. Ka tanumia ki Ōhiti. Kua mate kē tana huatahi, a Mohi Rāniera i ngā tau tōmua mai i 1870, ā, ka mahue mai mā Rāniera āna mokopuna tokorima e whāngai. I whāngaia anō hoki e ia ngā mokopuna a tōna whanaunga, a Hinetoi. I a Ngāti Porou rātou e noho ana. I mau hereheretia ki reira i muri i te pakanga ki Motukūmara. Nā Rāniera rātou i whakahoki mai i Whanga-o-keno (East Cape). Ko āna mokopuna tamāhine, ko Ria Mohi rāua ko Te Rōhutu Mohi, e kawe ana i te kāwai o Rāniera i te rā nei.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Patrick Parsons. 'Te Ahiko, Rāniera', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1993. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/2t17/te-ahiko-raniera (accessed 29 March 2024)