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by Hirini Mead

He tama a Wēpiha Apanui nā Apanui Te Hāmaiwaho rāua ko Mīria Tārei o Ngāti Awa. Arā anō tētahi o ōna īngoa ko Wēpiha Te Mautaranui. Ko ia te mātāmua o ngā tamariki, tokorua he tāne, tokorua he wāhine; kāore i te tino mōhiotia te rā i whānau ai ia tae atu hoki ki te wāhi i tapahia ai tōna pito. I roto i ngā herenga whakapapa ka whai wāhi atu a Wēpiha ki a Te Whānau-a-Apanui, ki a Ngāti Hokopū rāua ko Ngāti Wharepāia hoki o Whakatāne. I whakangungua ia e tōna matua ki ngā mahi whakairo, ā, i mahi tahi rāua mō ngā tau maha tonu. Kāore i te āta mōhiotia ngā whare whakairo, ngā pātaka, ngā waka hoki nā rāua i whakairo; otirā ko ngā whare kei te mōhiotia ko Mātaatua, ko Hotunui.

I tipu ake a Wēpiha mai i tōna whānau ahurei ki ngā mahi a te rangatira pēnei i te whakairo, ā, ko ia tonu tētahi o ngā arahanga mōhio o Ngāti Awa me Mātaatua whānui i te rau tau kua huri. I te whakatūnga a Tā Hōri Kerei (George Grey) i tana kaupapa rūnanga i te tau 1861, ko Ngāti Awa tētahi iwi i tere te hopu i taua kaupapa. Ko te Rūnanga o Ngāti Awa tuatahi i tū i te tau 1862, ā, i uru katoa mai a Te Tāwera, a Ngāi Te Rangihouhiri, a Ngāti Hikakino, a Te Pahīpoto me Patutātahi ki taua rūnanga rā. Kāore a Ngāti Pūkeko i kuhu atu. Na, ka tū ake he rūnanga i ia rohe, i ia rohe o Ngāti Awa. I te 14 o Mei 1862, ka tū ake he rūnanga i Te Awa-a-te-Atua, ā, ko Te Tāwera, ko Ngāi Te Rangihouhiri, ko Ngāti Hikakino i wehe mai i a rātou ki roto i tēnei rōpū. I Whakatāne ko Te Rūnanga o Te Horo tēnā, ko Hoani Poururu, ko Pauro Heipoti, ko Wēpiha Apanui ngā rangatira. I kaha te whai a Wēpiha Apanui i tēnei kaupapa.

Ko Wēpiha tētahi tangata i uru ki ngā mahi nunui i pakangatia nuitia e Ngāti Awa i ōna rā. Nō te tau 1865 ka tīmata ngā mahi a te hāhi Hauhau ki Te Rohe-o-Toi tae atu ki Te Tai Rāwhiti whānui. I riro ngā wairua o ētahi o ngā whānau o Ngāi Te Rangihouhiri me Ngāti Hokopū i tēnei kaupapa, ā, e kīia ana ko Wēpiha tonu tētahi i huri ki tērā whakapono. I Ōpōtiki a ia i te marama o Maehe 1865, i te whakawātanga a Te Whakatōhea, i roto hoki i ngā ākinga a Kereopa Te Rau, i a Te Wākana (Carl Sylvius Völkner), he Mihingare i whakapaea he pūrahorua ia nā te kāwanatanga. Nō te 2 o Maehe 1865, ka tāronahia te nanakia nei a Te Wākana e ngā Hauhau. I muri tonu mai ka tīmata a Ngāti Awa ki te whakawehe mai i a rātou i roto i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te matenga o Te Wākana. Nā Wēpiha tonu i tuhi he reta ki a Kerei ki te whakapā atu kāore a Ngāti Awa i uru atu ki aua mahi, nō Te Whakatōhea ake te hē. Nā ngā rangatira o Whakatāne i haina te reta nei tae atu hoki ki ngā rangatira o Ngāti Pūkeko. Ko Tamarangi Toihau, ko Apanui, ko Heremia Mōkai, ko Kawakura, ko Kapaiere, ko Wēpiha Te Mautaranui ēnei.

Ko Wēpiha tētahi o ngā tāngata nāna i haina te reta a te āteha o Ngāti Pūkeko, arā, a Hōhaia Matakahokia i tuhia i te marama o Maehe, hei tautoko i te kōrero a Ngāti Awa. E pānui atu ana te reta nei ki a Te Arawa kua whakatūria he aukati i te rohe o Ngāti Awa, arā, kua rāhuitia te whenua. Ko te āhua nei kua mōhio a Ngāti Awa e whakatika ana a Te Arawa i raro i te maru o te kāwanatanga ki te whakaeke i tō rātou rohe. I te tau i mua atu nā Te Arawa i aukati ngā hokowhitu e haere atu ana ki te āwhina i a Ngāti Maniapoto, i Ōrākau. I taua wā nā te kāwanatanga a Te Arawa i āwhina ki te pū, ki te manuao mau pū, ā, kāore hoki a Ngāti Awa i wareware ki te āhua o ēnei taonga whakamīharo me te mana i puta ake i te ngutu o te pū.

Na, i Hūrae o te tau 1865, i haere ake a Hēmi Te Mautaranui Fulloon ki Te Rohe-o-Toi ki te mauhere i ngā tāngata nā rātou a Te Wākana i patu. He whanaunga a Hēmi nō Wēpiha, arā, he irāmutu, ēngari ko ngā mahi a te tangata nei ko ngā mahi torohū a te hōia. I a ia ka tae ki Tauranga, ka karangatia atu kia kaua a ia e haere ki Whakatāne kei patua ia. Ēngari, kāore i whakarongo, ā, anā haere tonu ana ki te mate. Nā te rongo o te kāwanatanga i ēnei mahi ka whakatakotoria ngā ture hōia i te marama o Hepetema. Nā tētahi ope hōia ā-iwi i whakaeke Te Rohe-o-Toi. Kāore a Wēpiha i uru atu ki roto i ngā pakanga o muri mai. He nui ngā whenua o Ngāti Awa i murua, i raupatutia, ā, ka tūariarihia ki ngā iwi kāore i whai wāhi atu ki roto i ngā raruraru, ā, ki ngā rangatira hoki i tautoko i te kāwanatanga. I muri mai i tēnei ka nekehia ngā pakanga ki ngā kōti o te kāwanatanga o ngā Pākehā i haere mai ki te kimi whenua mō rātou. Ko Wēpiha tētahi i kaha ki te pakanga, ā, he maha ngā kēhi a te iwi i whawhai ia. Nōna hoki tētahi īngoa ka kitea nuitia i roto i ngā rārangi īngoa mō ngā tāngata whai pānga whenua.

E rua ngā whare whakairo nā Wēpiha i āwhina te whakairo, te hanga, ā, e kore e wareware ēnei taonga tuku iho āna. Ko Mātaatua te whare tuatahi. He nui te koha a ngā whanaunga o Apanui ki te whare nei, ā, ko Wēpiha tonu te tohunga matua nāna i waihanga te whare, nāna hoki i whakakōrero ngā rākau. E whā tau te roa ka oti, ā, ka whakatuwheratia i te 8 o Maehe 1875. Ko Te Mākarini (Donald McLean) te minita mō ngā take Māori i taua wā, ā, ko ia hoki te manuhiri tūārangi o te rā. He nui ngā karoretanga o Mātaatua whare. E kīia ana hoki he mea takoha te whare nei ki a Kuini Wikitōria, ēngari kāore rawa e kitea he kōrero hei tautoko i tēnei whakapae, ā, kāore hoki e kitea he kōrero i tukua he pepa, he aha rānei ki te Kuini. I tū te whare nei mō ētahi tau ki Whakatāne, ā, nō muri mai ka wāwāhia, ka tukua hei mātakitaki mā tauiwi i Poihākena (Sydney), i Rānana (London). Nā te pukuriri o Wēpiha ki ēnei mahi a te kāwanatanga ka tono ia kia hokona te whare nei, ēngari kāore te kāwanatanga i whakaae ki te hoko. I tōna wā, ka noho a Mātaatua ki te whare taonga o Wikitōria me Arapera i Rānana. Nō muri rā anō, ka kitea e H. D. Skinner e takoto ana i reira, he kāinga nō te pūngāwerewere, ā, nāna ka whakahokia mai ki Aotearoa i ngā tau pātata ki 1920. Nā te kāwanatanga i tuku ki te whare taonga o te whare wānanga o Ōtākou (i nāianei ko te whare taonga o Ōtākou), ā, nā rātou i whakapaipai te whare. I ngā tau kua huri he rite tonu te tono a Ngāti Awa kia whakahokia tō rātou whare ki a rātou, ā, i tutuki taua wawata i te tau 1996.

Nā Wēpiha mā hoki i waihanga, i whakairo te whare e kīia nei ko Hotunui. Nō te tau 1878 i mahia ai hei taonga tuku ki te tuahine o Wēpiha, ki a Mereana rāua ko tōna hoa tāne, he rangatira nō roto o Ngāti Maru, ki a Wīrope Hōtereni Taipari. He nui tonu ngā rākau i whakairohia mai i Whakatāne. He rahi tonu hoki te tira o Ngāti Awa, 70 rātou, nā rātou i mau atu ngā whakairo ki Pārāwai, kei te takiwā o Hauraki. Nō muri mai ka kī a Mereana nā tōna matua, nā Te Hāmaiwaho i hanga te whare, ehara nā Wēpiha; na, ahakoa he tika tonu tāna kōrero, ko te mahi nui i taka mai ki a Wēpiha, nō te mea kua koroua tana matua i taua wā. Kei te whare taonga o Tāmaki-makau-rau e tū ana a Hotunui i ēnei rā.

Ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa kei roto i a Hotunui, he mihi ki a Te Hura Te Taiwhakaripi o Ngāi Te Rangihouhiri, he kaihautū i roto i ngā pakanga o te tekau tau mai i 1860. E whakaae ana a Ngāti Awa, a Ngāti Maru, e mau ana te āhua o Te Hura ki runga ki tētahi o ngā poupou i te roro o te whare; he tohu whakamaumahara ki a ia, ā, ki te parekura nui i pā ki a Ngāti Awa i te murunga o ēnei whenua.

E rua ngā whare nāna i whakairo kei te tū tonu, ā, he hōnore nui tēnei ki te tohunga whakairo o tērā rau tau. Ko te mea tino mīharo rawa atu ko te waihanga i ēnei whare ātaahua i te wā tonu e pēhia ana a Ngāti Awa e ngā raruraru nui o aua wā. E tū nei a Mātaatua rāua ko Hotunui hei tohu maumaharatanga mō ngā pūmanawatanga o Wēpiha ki ngā mahi whakairo.

Kāore e tino mōhiotia ana te rā i mate ai a Wēpiha, ā, i mate hoki ki hea. Kāore ōna uri, ā, nā tēnei āhuatanga ka riro te mana i ngā uri o tōna taina, o Hoani. Ko Hurinui Apanui, tama a Hoani, tētahi rangatira rongonui o Ngāti Awa. Kāore hoki ōna uri nō reira ka noho hei whare ngaro te kāwai o Apanui, ka taka kē mai te mana ki te ūkaipō. Ahakoa he whare ngaro, ka tū tonu a Wēpiha hei tangata rahi.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

Mead, H. M. Nga karoretanga o Mataatua whare. Whakatane, 1990

Pae tukutuku

Te Tai Treaty Settlement Stories: Ngāti Awa

This part of the Te Ara website explores what treaty settlements are, and features a multimedia web story and links to an educational documentary in te reo Māori on the Ngāti Awa settlement. Ngāti Awa are the first iwi to share their story on Te Tai.