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Pātuki, Tōpi

by Atholl Anderson

Biography

Ko tēnei tangata o Ngāi Tahu, ko Pātuki, i whānau ki Waipahi i Murihiku i ērā wā i ngā tau 1810 ki 1820, i te hokinga mai o ana mātua i te mahi tītī i Ngā Pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha (Canterbury). Ko tōna whaea, ko Te Wairua, i heke mai i a Te Wakatitiro rāua ko Rakiāmoa. Ko tōna matua ko Hēnare Te Marama, he uri nō Whakakā, nō Taoka, nō Ruahikihiki. Ko ōna hapū e rua ko Ngāi Taoka me Ngāi Te Ruahikihiki. Ko te tungāne o tōna whaea ko Tama-i-haranui ka pā atu ai ia ki a Te Wakarawa, tuahine o Honekai, te tupuna o Tūhawaiki. E rua ngā tēina o Pātuki. Ko Te Ruruku rāua ko Hēnare Kurukuru tērā atu rānei ētahi. Ko John Williams Tohe – ina rā, ko Bulla, ko Buller rānei ōna īngoa kārangaranga – ēngari he pāpā kē. Nō te 15 o Hepetema 1844, ka iriirihia a Pātuki e Karira (Charles Creed) i Waikouaiti ka tapa ki a Hoani Raena (John Reynold) Pātuki. Ko Tōpi (Toby) anō tētahi o ana īngoa. Ka noho ko Tōpi (Toby) ko Teone Tōpi (Johnny Toby) ōna īngoa kārangaranga. He minita Wēteriana a Creed.

Iti noa ngā kōrero mō Pātuki i tōna tamarikitanga. Heoi nō te tau 1831 pea nei, ka haere ki te takiwā ki Te Ara-a-Kiwa (Foveaux Strait) i te wā e hao ana a Ngāti Toa i a Kaiapoi. I te whakamutunga o te tau 1836 ko ia tētahi i te ope taua a Tūhawaiki i te haonga i a Ngāti Tama i Tūtūrau. Ko te kōrero nā Pātuki i pupuhi a Te Pūoho-o-te-rangi. I te tau 1838 ka haere a Pātuki rāua ko Tūhawaiki ki Poihākena (Sydney). I te hokinga mai ka haere ki Awarua (Bluff) i Murihiku ki te mahinga tohorā a William Stirling. He aru tohorā tana mahi. I tōna toa ki tērā mahi, kīhai i roa ka tū hei rangatira mō tōna waka aru tohorā. Nō te tau 1844 i tae mai ai a J. F. H. Wohlers, te mihinare Wēteriana, ki te motu o Ruapuke. Nā Pātuki i āwhina ki te whakatū i te whare mīhana tuatahi i reira.

Nō ērā wā i te tau 1840, ka whānau he kōtiro ki a Pātuki rāua ko Te Kawaunuhia (Te Kawainuhia rānei). Ko Erihāpeti Ngā Roimata he kōtiro mateoha, e kī ana a Wohlers. Moumou kia mate i Oketopa o te tau 1845. Ko te whaea ko Te Kawaunuhia kua mate kē i mua atu. Ko te tamāhine tuarua, ko Ellen, e ono ngā tau ka mate i Ākuhata 1850. Nō Hānuere i te tau 1853, ka moe a Pātuki i tētahi wahine anō ko Kate Kairo. Nā Wohlers rāua i mārena i Ruapuke. Ko John Toby Reynold Pātuki tōna īngoa i tāia ki te rēhita. Mātua iriirihia a Kate, kātahi rā anō ka mārenahia. Nā te mea kāore i whai uri tāne, ka moe anō a Pātuki i a Madeleine (Madeline rānei) Kurukuru hei wahine tuatoru. Ko te pouaru tēnei a John Frederick Kīhau, tama a Tūhawaiki. Ko Kīhau i torongi i a Pēpuere 1852. E toru ā rāua nei tamariki. Te moenga i a Pātuki, ka puta e rima ngā uri. Ko te mātāmua ko Walter Tama-i-haranui i whānau ki Ruapuke i te 14 o Hune 1856. Atu i 1858 ka rere i muri ko Johnston Reina, ko Morris Pātuki, ko John Maka Te Marama. Ko te whakapākanga ko Kerekini (Gretchen) Reina i whānau i te tau 1867. Kei ngā tuhituhi a Wohlers e takoto ana te kōrero 'ko te wahine mārena ko Kate Kairo te tino wahine purotu i Te Ara-a-Kiwa. Pākaru ana tana ate i te punarua o tana tāne. Ko te āhua o tērā wahine, tae atu ki ana mahi, arā noa atu te ātaahua. Matawai ana te whatu i te tirohanga atu! Me te aha, me te kaingākau tonu o Pātuki ki a Kate.' Nō te marama o Noema i te tau 1876 ka mate a Kate. Ka noho a Pātuki rāua ko Madeleine Kurukuru, ā, nō Pēpuere 1881 rā anō ka whakatapua tā rāua moe. I Ruapuke te karakia hono.

I te torongitanga o Tūhawaiki i Tīmaru i te tau 1844, ka whakaarongia ko Kīhau hei tū i muri i a ia, hei rangatira mō Murihiku. Heoi, 14 noa iho ngā tau o Kīhau, kāore anō kia pakari, kei te tū tonu i te tū whakamā a te taitamariki. Ka riro ko Pātuki hei kaihautū i Ruapuke. Ka kitea tōna pakari, tōna kakama. E ai ki tā Te Hōtereni (Edward Shortland), kua tū Pākehā, kua tino matatau ki te reo Pākehā. Ko tōna rite ki te mau kākahu kua pērā ki tā te mau a te hunga hēramana rangatira nei te tū. Kua Pākehā kē atu i ngā Pākehā! Tētahi, kua hau ngā rongo i ērā rohe, he tino tohunga ia mō te whaiwhai tohorā. Kei ngā kōrero a Wohlers i te tau 1845, he tangata hūmārika i paingia e ngā tāngata katoa, ēngari kīhai kē ōna mana i waenga i te iwi Māori. Heoi, nō te matenga o Kīhau i te tau 1852 ka whakamanaia te tū o Pātuki hei rangatira i Te Ara-a-Kiwa, i Murihiku.

I te hokohokonga o ngā whenua nui tonu i Murihiku, i ngā tau 1838–39 ki a John Jones rāua ko George Green o Poihākena, ko Pātuki tētahi i haina kia riro. Ēngari nō te āta tirotirohanga a Kānara Edward Godfrey i ngā take whenua i te tau 1843, ka whakakāhoretia ētahi, ka whakaitihia ake ētahi o ngā hokonga. Nō te tau 1844 ko Tūhawaiki te kaihaina mō Pātuki i te hokonga o ngā whenua o Ōtākou (Otago). Nō te taenga ki ngā tau 1848, 1853, ko Pātuki tonu tētahi o ngā kaihoko i ngā whenua o Ngā Pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha me ō Murihiku. Nō muri mai ka tautohengia ngā rāhuitanga.

I Rakiura ka tōroa ngā āhua mō te hoko. Ko te urutomo mai o tauiwi, kāore i taea te ārai atu. Kua kore he tahuritanga ake mō Pātuki. Nō te tau 1860 a ia i huri ki te kāwanatanga hei hoko i te whenua haere atu i te uru, o te rārangi tū 168°. Ka puritia ngā whenua ki te rāwhiti, ā, ki te raki-mā-rāwhiti. Kāore i roa, kua taka kē ia ki te hē. I mātau te kāwanatanga ko Pātuki tētahi o ngā mea mau huna i te paura mō ngā pū mai i te kaipuke Marikena ki Ohekia (Paterson Inlet). E rua ngā Pākehā i whakawhiua e te ture. Ka mōhiotia nā Pātuki kē i whakahau, ka tukuna ngā Pākehā. Ka tahuri a Pātuki ki te hoko i ngā whenua ki te hunga i ahu mai i Ahitereiria. I te taenga ki a Tīhema 1863, ka whakamanaia e te kāwanatanga te ture tango i ngā whenua o Rakiura (Stewart Island Annexation Act). Ka riro te mana whakahaere i te Porowini o Murihiku (Southland). Ka whakawāngia ka hokona te motu katoa i te 29 o Hune 1864, mō te £6,000. Ka rāhuitia e 400 eka ki a Pātuki i Ohekia, me he pānga, ko te £2,000 i wehea mai i te utu. Ka whakatōngia kia puta ai ngā hua e 8 paihēneti ki ngā uri o Tūhawaiki.

He aha rā, noho kē mai a Pātuki i te tau 186l i Gabriel's Gully mō te wā poto noa nei. He keri kōura te mahi. Kāore koa, ko te motu o Ruapuke kē tōna kāinga noho i tōna kaumātuatanga. He whare papa nei tōna i Wai-a-Tokariri (Henrietta Bay). He kau, he poaka ana kararehe. Ēngari ki a Wohlers, ngākau-kore noa iho a Pātuki ki te mahi pāmu. Rite tonu rātou ko ngā rangatira o Ruapuke ki te aro kē ki ngā mahi ngahau. Ki te eke hōiho, ki te whakatere waka-hēra, ki te nanao tītī. I a ia te tohunga mō te ritenga i ngā waka ririki a te Pākehā. He maha hoki ōna poti whaiwhai tohorā. Nā rāua ko Tūhawaiki i hoko mai te kaipuke, he 'schooner', ko te Perseverance, i te tau 1834. Arā atu anō ētahi o ana waka Pākehā he 'cutter', ko te Levin, i totohu i te tau 1847, ā, ko te Lady Grey me te Deveron.

Mai i te tau 1856, ko te mahi a Pātuki he hokohoko hua whenua ki ngā Pākehā i tana toa i Invercargill, i Esk Street. He whakaomaoma hōiho anō ētahi o ana mahi. Nō te tau 1860 i toa rawa tētahi o ana uwha i ngā rēihi whakapekepeke; ka riro i a ia te whakataetae whakapekepeke hōiho o Invercargill. Nā Wohlers anō te kōrero mō Pātuki he tangata rangirua ana mahi – haere ngā whakaaro tōtika, haere anō hoki ngā mahi kikino pēnei i te huna waipiro nei i Ruapuke. Ahakoa anō, pōharatia i ōna rā whakamutunga kore rawa i heke tōna tupu. Mau tonu tōna mana. Ko tana koha nui ki tana iwi, ko tana whakatūnga i te kura ki Ruapuke i te tau 1868. Me tōna ngākaunui kia ū te whai i te mātauranga ki Ruapuke, ki Rakiura. Nō te 28 o Hepetema 1900, ka mate a Pātuki i Ruapuke. Te tini o te tangata – Māori, Pākehā – i whakaeke ki tōna tangihanga. Ā, i whakatūngia he kōhatu whakamahara ki runga i tōna rua i Wai-a-Tokariri.


He whakaaturanga anō

Rārangi pukapuka

    Hall-Jones, F. G. King of the Bluff. Invercargill, 1943

    Mackay, A. A compendium of official documents relative to native affairs in the South Island. 2 vols. Wellington, 1872--73

    Natusch, S. Brother Wohlers. Christchurch, 1969

    Shortland, E. The southern districts of New Zealand. London, 1851


Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Atholl Anderson. 'Pātuki, Tōpi', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1p11/patuki-topi (accessed 20 April 2024)