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Kōrero: Ngātuere Tāwhirimātea Tāwhao

Whārangi 1: Haurongo

Ngātuere Tāwhirimātea Tāwhao

?–1890

Nō Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia, nō Ngāti Kahungunu; he rangatira

I tuhia tēnei haurongo e Angela Ballara, ā, i tāngia tuatahitia ki Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau i te 1990. I whakahoutia i te o Noema, 2001. He mea whakamāori nā Ngā Tangata Taumata Rau.

I whānau a Ngātuere i te pā o Te Pāparu, pātata atu ki Te Ahikōuka, i te awa o Waiōhine. Ko tōna whaea ko Kaurangaihi. E whai ake nei ngā kōrero mō tōna matua. Nā Te Ātāhuna ko Tāwhirimātea nāna ko Ngātuere; koia nei ngā rangatira o Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia ki Te Wairarapa. Ētahi anō o ngā kārangarangatanga o Ngātuere, ko Ngāti Te Tohinga, ko Ngāi Tamahau, ko Ngāi Tūāwhio, ko Ngāi Tūkoko, ko Ngāti Rongomaipare, ko Ngāti Tāneroa, ko Ngāti Waipūhoro. E ai ki te kōrero, i whānau a Ngātuere i te tau 1772. Ko te wā o Ngātuere te wā e pūwhenuatia ana te motu, ā, kaumātua noa e whiriwhiri tonu ana ia i ngā take huhua a te iwi. Ahakoa i tere tana hopu i ngā tikanga hou a tauiwi, mau tonu te pupuri i tōna mana, māia tonu tōna tū atu ki te hunga wāwāhi tahā, ki te hunga tauhou hoki. Nā Ngātuere ngā kōrero ki te Kōti Whenua Māori, mō te hekenga mai o Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia ki Te Wairarapa. I te horonga o Te Mata, i Heretaunga, ka rere mai a Pōuri me ōna tuākana, tāina rānei, heoi anō tokotoru rātou. Ka mauria mai a Te Rangitāwhanga, te mokopuna a Kahukura-awhitia, ki ngā whanaunga o tōna whaea i Te Wairarapa. Ka tono a Pōuri ki a Te Rerewa, hei pāpā ki a Te Rangitāwhanga, kia tukuna mai he whenua hei kāinga noho mō Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia, ko te utu he waka whakairo. Ka tukuna he whenua ki a Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia. Ko te papa tupu tēnā o Ngātuere, e pātata ana ki te tāone o Hūpēnui (Greytown). Ka parahia. Tae rawa ake ki te wā o Tāwhirimātea, pāpā o Ngātuere, kua mānia katoa taua wāhi. Ko ngā kōrero mō te wā e taitamariki ana a Ngātuere, i pā anake ki ngā kāinga i nohoia e tōna iwi. I te tekau tau mai i 1820, kua rangatira rongonui kē a Ngātuere. Ko te wā hoki e whakaekea ana a Te Wairarapa e ngā iwi e heke ana ki Te Moana-a-Raukawa (Cook Strait). Nā te taua a Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II i pana te iwi o Ngātuere i ō rātou kāinga. I te pakanga i Tauwharenīkau (Tauherenīkau), ka kahakina tōna hungarei a Te Mapu. Nō muri mai ka patua tētahi o ōna tuākana e Ngāti Toa i Te Waihenga. I te horonga o Pēhikatea i te tau 1834, ko Ngātuere tētahi o ngā rangatira i rere, i ora ai. I muri tonu iho, ka heke te nuinga o rātou ki Nukutaurua ki Te Māhia whakaruru ai, me te kī anō a Ngātuere, 'Marara noa mātou, taurewa ana i te kaha mataku'. E waru ngā tau e ngaro atu ana, ka oti ngā whakarite ki a Te Wharepōuri o Te Āti Awa, ka hoki mai rātou. I te tuatahi, pipiri tonu te noho, ka tau ngā mahara ka hokihoki ki ō rātou whenua. Ko Ngātuere me tōna iwi, i hoki ki Te Ahikōuka, ki Pāpāwai. I tēnei wā kua tīmata te noho a te Pākehā ki Te Wairarapa, kua kimi whenua ngā kairūri a te Kamupene o Niu Tīreni (New Zealand Company) me te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakatipu hipi. Nā ēnei āhuatanga, taikaha atu te whakautu a Ngātuere ki ngā wero ki a ia, te toi o te tapu, o te mana. He rangatira rā hoki. Ka tauwhāinga mai ki a Ngātuere a Te Mānihera Te Rangi-taka-i-waho rāua ko Rāniera Te Iho-o-te-rangi, te hunga kua waia ki ngā tikanga Pākehā. Pērā anō te mihinare, ki a Te Koreneho (William Colenso), he āta whakahāwea mārika tāna ki te mana o Ngātuere, ā, pērā anō hoki ngā tāngata a te Karauna. I te tau 1846, i manaakitia a Te Koreneho ki Ōtaraia, te pā o Ngātuere, e tū ana i tētahi pikonga o te awa o Ruamāhanga, i runga tonu ake i Wairarapa moana. Ēngari he whakapehu, he whakahīhī nō Te Koreneho, kore i roa ka noho kino anō rāua. I te tau 1847, ka mahia te rori atu i Te Awakairangi (Hutt Valley) ki te tūnga mō te tāone o Kaiwaewae (Featherston). Ka pā pōuri a Te Koreneho mō ngā hipi o tōna pāriha, kei mahi i ngā Rātapu, kei kai waipiro, kei moe huna haere. I te riri o Ngātuere ki ngā Pākehā mahi i ngā huarahi, ka whakamutua e ia te mahi a tōna iwi. Ka whakapae mārika ia, ā, ki tana kī, nā Te Koreneho te kōrero, koia rā te huarahi mai mō ngā hōia ki te patu i te iwi Māori. Ki a Te Wiremu (William Williams), te mihinare, ko te take i taunutia a Te Koreneho he whakahē nōna mō te tukunga o Ngātuere i tētahi kōtiro mā tētahi o ngā kaimahi.

Kātahi ka noho kino kē atu a Te Koreneho rāua ko Ngātuere. I Kaikōkirikiri i te raki o Makōura, wāhi o Whakaoriori (Masterton), kīhai i whakatata atu a Ngātuere ki te tēneti o Te Koreneho, kia panaia rawatia te tohunga nāna i mākutu tāna tamāhine, a Ani Kānara Maitū. Hei whakauaua rawa atu i ngā mahi a Te Koreneho, ka whakahaua e Ngāiro rāua ko tōna tuakana ko Ngātuere te rērehi hōiho ki Kopuaranga; ka tukuna ngā tama tāne kia kai waipiro. I te mārena o Hēmi Te Miha, ka whakaātete a Te Koreneho ka porowhiua te takoha a Ngātuere rāua ko Ngāiro, nā te mea he kēhua nōna te tupeka. I te kaha o te whakatakariri o Ngātuere, ka katia te noho a te minita ki tōna rohe. Nā te mea he taikaha, he riri nōna, kīhai te tangata Pākehā i rata ki a Ngātuere, ēngari tū ana te raruraru ko ia te whakaruru. Ki tā Te Tipa (W. B. D. Mantell) he mahi nā Ngātuere te whakawehi, heoi pīkautia ana e ia te taumahatanga o ngā mahi o taua wā. Ahakoa kaumātua noa, whiriwhiri tonu ia i ngā take e hua ana. Ngāwari noa ki a ia te tuhituhi i te reo Māori, ā he kakama atu ki ngā take whenua. Kīhai ia i whakaae ki ngā tono whenua a ngā tāngata a te Karauna; mau tonu ōna whenua, ka riro ō ētahi. Nāna i kore ai i riro tētahi wāhi o Taratahi i a B. P. Perry; ā, nāna i pana a C. B. Borlase e mahi pāmu ana i Waihākeke. He taukumekume tonu te mahi a Ngātuere rāua ko Te Mānihera Te Rangi-taka-i-waho. I te tau 1848 ka mahi ētahi atu o ngā rangatira ki te tuhi tinihanga i te ingoa o Ngātuere me ētahi atu tino rangatira ki te pukapuka anō e whakaae ana kia hokona te whenua i Tauwharenīkau ki te Karauna. I te tau 1852 ka raru anō a Ngātuere i Kopuaranga. I toa kē ko te hōiho rēhi a Te Mānihera. I tauwhāinga anō rāua ki te hokohoko whenua, ki te whakatū mīhana, ki te whakatū kāreti me te whakatū tāone ake mō ngā Māori ki Pāpāwai. Ka noho kino anō rāua mō te mira parāoa i hangā e te kāwanatanga ki reira. Tohetohe tonu a Te Mānihera ko ia hei rangatira ki Pāpāwai, kia kaua hoki a Ngātuere me tōna iwi e whai wāhi ki te mira. I te tau 1868, ka whakatahi mai a Ngātuere me tōna iwi i Pāpāwai. He take rīriri anō nā rāua te Rūnanga o Te Wairarapa i whakakaupapatia i te tau 1859. Ko Ngāiro tētahi o ngā kaihautū i taua Rūnanga, ēngari kāore i roa, riro kē ana ko Te Mānihera hei whakahaere. I te tau 1860, ka tautohe a Ngātuere ki a Ngāi Tahu mō te mana o te whenua rāhui o Hurunui-ō-rangi. Ka taupua te rūnanga me Te Mānihera i a Ngāi Tahu, ka huri a Ngātuere ki te kāwanatanga. Kīhai a Ngātuere i whakahē rawa ki te Rūnanga, ki te Kīngitanga, ki te Pai Mārire rānei, ko Ngāiro hoki o rāua i roto i ērā whakahaere. I te tau 1860, tere tonu te whakaae a Ngātuere me haere ia ki te hui i Kohimaramara (Kohimarama), ka whai anō a Te Mānihera mā. I te pakarutanga o te riri, kīhai i tukuna e Ngātuere kia pakangahia a Te Wairarapa. Ahakoa ngā tohetohe ki te kāwanatanga mō te whenua, kīhai i tukuna e ia tōna iwi kia whai i ngā Hauhau, kia pakanga rānei ki ngā Pākehā. Hei whakaruru i tōna iwi, ka whakapiri a Ngātuere ki te kāwanatanga. E ai ki te kōrero, i ngā tau i waenganui o 1860 ki 1870, ka haere a Ngātuere ki te tūtaki atu i te taua a Waikato, a te Hauhau rānei. Tekau māero ki te raki o Makōura ka ohorere, ka hāmama te waha i te kitenga atu i te tini, i te mano o te tangata. Ka tapaina tērā wāhi ko Te Mikimikitanga-o-te-mata-o-Ngātuere-Tāwhirimātea-Tāwhao e kīia nei ko Mikimiki. Nō te tau 1975, ka whakamaua te īngoa toitū ki te papa tohu i te huarahi. Tērā anō tētahi kōrero tipua e kī ana, i kōrerorero tahi a Ngātuere rātou ko ōna hoa rangatira me Kāwana Hōri Kerei (George Grey). Ko te kaupapa he hohou i te rongo ki Te Wairarapa. Ka poua he tōtara kaitā ki te wāhi i tū ai te hui, ka tapaina mō Ngātuere, arā, ko 'Poroua Tāwhao'. Kāore kē pea a Ngātuere i huri hei Karaitiana. Ina hoki i ngā whakahaere a te Kōti Whenua Māori, kāore a ia i oati ki te Paipera. Ko ngā wāhine a Ngātuere, ko Mere Mākarini, ko Ani Pātene, ko Te Mapu. Hei tuahine a Te Mapu ki a Te Mātorohanga. Nā Te Whatahoro Jury i tuhi ngā kōrero i whakarērea iho e tērā tohunga. Ahakoa he tangata ia nā te kāwanatanga, ā, i tētahi wā he āteha mō te Kōti Whenua Māori, kīhai i rata te Pākehā ki a Ngātuere, he kotahi nō ōna whakaaro, he tangata kī tahi. Ki tōna iwi, ko ia te mana, ko ia te wehi, ko ia te tapu. Kua tino kaumātua rawa a Ngātuere ka mate i te 9 o Noema 1890. I kīia 117 ōna tau. Nā te mihinare nā Pineaha Te Mahauariki ngā karakia i te nehunga i Waiōhine. Ka mahue ake tokotoru ana tama, tokowhā ana tamāhine, ā, ko ngā mea i mōhiotia ko Ākenehi rāua ko Kīngi Ngātuere. Kei Pāpāwai e tū ana te pou whakairo whakamaharatanga ki a Ngātuere.

Me pēnei te tohu i te whārangi:

Angela Ballara. 'Ngātuere Tāwhirimātea Tāwhao', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990, updated o Noema, 2001. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/mi/biographies/1n12/ngatuere-tawhirimatea-tawhao (accessed 29 March 2024)