Measuring changes in family and whānau wellbeing using census data, 1981–2006

A Statistics New Zealand paper examining changes in the wellbeing of a range of different family types over the period 1981–2006 (PDF, 389 KB).

When the invisible hand rocks the cradle: New Zealand children in a time of change

A 2002 paper about New Zealand children, published by the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre (PDF, 194 KB).

Metge, Joan. New growth from old: the whānau in the modern world. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1995.

Penetito, Kim. Whānau identity and whānau development are interdependent: an experience of whānau. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.